AIMS To evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the graduated frequency (GF) approach, which asks about the frequency of alcohol consumption at mutually exclusive quantity levels (i.e. 12 or more drinks, at least eight drinks but less than 12, etc.). METHODS Telephone survey of 464 adults aged 18 and older in Toronto, Canada, using random digit dialing and computer-assisted telephone intervi...

Effects of different concentrations of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait on attraction and feeding responses, mortality, and control of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined. In the laboratory, flies that had been exposed to sugar and yeast extract and then deprived of all food for 16-20 h were attracted to 40.0% GF-120, but not to 0.6 and 4.8% GF-120 (v...

In regions with a humid summer climate, the use of water-soluble bait to control apple maggot is often limited by rainfall. We studied increasing the rainfastness of GF-120 fruit fly bait by adding paraffin wax emulsion. First, we verified that adding 10% wax to a mixture containing 16.7% GF-120 did not reduce the mortality of female apple maggot compared with GF-120 without wax. In addition, w...

In this article we present a hardware solution for finite field arithmetic with application in asymmetric cryptography. It supports calculation in GF (p) as well as in GF (2). Addition and multiplication with interleaved modular reduction are the main functionality of the unit. Additional functions—like shift operations and integer incrementation—allow the calculation of the multiplicative inve...

Logic design for security application requires the use of specific encoding and higher radix elements thus implying an additional level of abstraction – a component level which is subsequently mapped into a gate level netlist. Implementation of particular components can be made in different ways, however RTL-based design of the multi-valued logic components is of more practical interest as it b...

The Luby Transform (LT) codes are the first practical realization of fountain codes. LT codes were designed for efficient use over erasure channels. However, the degree distributions designed for the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC), such as the Robust Soliton Distribution (RSD) which are asymptotically and universally optimal over the BEC, are not optimal over noisy channels. Research has been don...

Given a bicircular matroid B(G) and q ∈ {4, 5}, we characterize when the bicircular matroid B(G) is GF (q)-representable by precisely describing the structure of G. These descriptions yield polynomial-time algorithms with input G to certify if B(G) is or is not GF (q)-representable.

Androgen-responsive (SC-3) and -unresponsive (SC-4) cloned cell lines in culture were established from an androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor, Shionogi carcinoma 115. By using a serum-free medium [Hani's F-12:Kagle's minimum essential medium (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% bo vine serum albumin), characteristics of androgen-induced and autonomous growth factors (GFs) were examined. Serum-free co...

It is challenging to integrate porous graphene foam (GF) and GF-based nanocomposites into microfluidic channels and even create microfluidic structures within these materials. This is because their irregular interior pore shape and geometry, rough exterior surface, and relatively large material thickness make it difficult to perform conventional photolithography and etching. This challenge has ...

Fluid intelligence (Gf) refers to the ability to reason and to solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge. Gf is critical for a wide variety of cognitive tasks, and it is considered one of the most important factors in learning. Moreover, Gf is closely related to professional and educational success, especially in complex and demanding environments. Although performance o...