Glucuronidation of carboxylic acid compounds results in the formation of electrophilic acyl glucuronides. Because of their polarity, carrier-mediated hepatic transport systems play an important role in determining both intra- and extrahepatic exposure to these reactive conjugates. We have previously shown that the hepatic membrane transport of 1-O-gemfibrozil-beta-D-glucuronide (GG) is carrier-...

[2] If we knew g ∈ SL2(C) had an expression g = kark, then gg∗ = ka2rk, where g∗ is conjugate transpose. This suggests how to determine components k, ar, k ′: by the spectral theorem for positive-definite hermitian operators gg∗, we can find k ∈ SU(2) and a diagonal matrix a2r of positive real eigenvalues, so that gg∗ = ka2rk. We claim that k′ = (kar) −1g ∈ SU(2). Indeed, ( (kar) −1g )( (kar) −...

In this study, the activities of the two external glossal muscles, Genioglossus (Gg) and Styloglossus (Sg), related to respiration were examined through the electromyography (EMG) in dog. During quiet breathing, no phasic respiratory activity were observed in either muscle. With hypercapnic condition induced by closed rebreathing respiratory system, both Sg and Gg showed phasic respiratory acti...

OBJECTIVE The incidence of nosocomial infections, predominantly gastrointestinal and respiratory, in children in developed countries is high, ranging from 5% to 44%. There is no effective strategy for preventing these infections. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) in preventing nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections at a pediat...

Gellan Gum (GG) was modified with N-vinyl Formamide (NVF) through PDP/Ag + redox system initiated graft copolymerization in a thermostatic water bath at 35°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The highest percentage of grafting (186%) and the lowest homopolymer content (22.2%) were achieved through a systematic optimization of the polymerization variables, including reaction time, temperature, and conc...

Introduction. Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is suggested to be related to gene variations. Present study aims to quantitatively estimate the association between interleukin-6- (IL-6-) 174G/C polymorphism and CP susceptibility. Materials and Methods. Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to May 2016. The meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0. Results. 21 studies were yielded. ...

Both mandibular advancement (MA) and stimulation of the genioglossus (GG) have been shown to improve upper airway patency, but neither one achieves the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. In the present study we assessed the combined effect of MA and GG stimulation on the relaxed pharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We evaluated responses of upper ...

The effects of sleep on the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia have been well described in animals and humans. In contrast, there is little information for genioglossus (GG) responses to a range of CO2 stimuli across all sleep-wake states. Given the notion that sleep, especially rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, may cause greater suppression of muscles with both respiratory and non-respiratory ...

Alarm pheromones (APs) are widely used throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. Species such as fish, insects, and mammals signal danger to conspecifics by releasing volatile alarm molecules. Thus far, neither the chemicals, their bodily source, nor the sensory system involved in their detection have been isolated or identified in mammals. We found that APs are recognized by the Grueneberg gan...