Sustainability is important to the well-being of our planet, continued growth of a society, and human development. Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. However, the production of portland cement, an essential constituent of concrete, leads to the release of significant amount of CO2, a greenhouse gas (GHG); production of one ton of portland cement produce...

SUMMARy This issue brief examines recent studies of long-term scenarios for stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to understand whether and how near-term U.S. climate policy can translate into environmentally significant climate outcomes. Specifically, the focus is on modeling analyses that have attempted to quantify the emissions reductions necessary to achieve a de...

Causal discovery is the process of identifying cause-and-effect hypotheses from observational data. We use causal discovery to construct networks that track interactions around the globe based on time series data of atmospheric fields, such as daily geopotential height data. At last year’s workshop we explained the basic concepts of using this approach to identify climate properties. Here we re...

Contemporary societies are faced by a new spectre haunting the 'globe' – the changing of the world's climate. Such change is believed to be caused by increased levels of ‘greenhouse gases’ (GHGs) in the atmosphere which cannot be fully absorbed into the oceans and hence impact upon the earth’s present and future temperatures. Such a climate forcing mainly results from systems that involve extra...

AGRICULTURAL cropland, forest, rangeland, wetlands, and urban ecosystems have significant potential to offset large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs) through improved land management and increased productivity. To fully realize this potential, we must understand how to implement the proper management practices and technologies to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane ...

This review identifies a critical problem in the fundamental physics of current climate models. The large greenhouse effect rising CO2 assumed models is assessed by six key observations from ground- and satellite-based measurements. assessment enhanced statistical analyses model calculations global or regional mean surface temperature changes conventional conceptual quantum physical warming due...

The impacts of uptake and electricity load profiles Electric Vehicles (EVs) Heat Pumps (HPs) on the low voltage (LV) distribution networks were analyzed. United Kingdom (UK) has a legally mandated policy concerning reduction greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emissions. Therefore, integration carbon technologies (LCTs) especially EVs HPs at LV is expected to increase in drive reducing GHGs Future scenari...

Microalgal biofuel research in China has made noticeable progress, and algae cultivation for biofuel production is considered to be an important contribution to Greenhouse Gas (GHG) mitigation and energy security. In this paper, the algal biofuel potentiality in China was reviewed from the points of view of algal biodiversity, algal culture collection, GHGs (especially CO2) mitigation, and the ...

Detailed computer simulations demonstrate that all­electric vehicles will be required to meet our energy security and climate change reduction goals. As shown in Figure 1, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV’s) and plug­in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s) both reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but neither of these vehicles that still use internal combustion engines will be adequate to cut GHGs ...