The literature on gender peer effects documents that exposure to opposite gender peers can lead to higher academic performances for boys but lower outcomes, especially in math, for girls. This result can be explained by two distinct exposure effects. One is inside-class time exposure (e.g. boy peers are disruptive and lower the quality of student-teacher interactions) and the other is outside-c...

This study examined differences in the costs of primary education for boys versus girls in provinces in Pakistan. Data were obtained from the Federal and Provincial Annual Development Plans. Enrollment during 1973-91 increased faster for girls than for boys, but the number of teachers and schools for girls was much lower than the optimum. There were too many schools for boys. Provincial gov...

The aim of this investigation was to compare Swedish and immigrant groups of 12- and 13-year-old boys and girls with respect to: (1) self-perceived need for and attitude to orthodontic treatment, (2) attitude to own teeth and general appearance, (3) behaviour pattern and psychosocial functioning, and (4) self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment in relation to psychosocial functioning. The ...

This study considers the role of religious habitus and self-concept in educational stratification. We follow 3,238 adolescents for 13 years by linking National Study Youth Religion to Student Clearinghouse. Survey data reveal that girls with a Jewish upbringing have two distinct postsecondary patterns compared non-Jewish upbringing, even after controlling social origins: (1) they are 23 percent...

The study investigates the effect of immigrant background and sex on perceived ethnic discrimination school connectedness in Finland. An online questionnaire was completed by 1,827 adolescents (12-19 years age) from both Finnish Swedish speaking schools Western Adolescents’ family categorized as either native, multicultural, or immigrant. Perceived examined according to its source, whether it a...

The aim of this study was to determine the height(Ht) and weight(Wr) of Kermanian student aged 6-17 years.for this purpose in a cross- sectional study by a multi- stage sampling method,3419 healthy girls and 3287 healthy boys were studied for Ht and Wt. For a more precise evaluation of results the students were divided into two groups: 6-10 ( first group) and 11-17  years old( second group). In...

statement of problem comprehensive diagnosis is regarded as an important base for orthodontic treatment. an effective way to reach a correct diagnosis is to compare the craniofacial skeleton of patients with normal cases in the same race through lateral cephalograms. purpose the present study was designed to determine the cephalometric standards of senior high school students in the city of ham...

We examine gender differences in financial literacy among high school students Italy using data from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Gender are large young Italy. They present all regions and particularly severe South Islands. Combining rich PISA with a variety of other indicators, we provide thorough analysis potential determinants gap literacy. find that parent...

In this paper, we investigate the gender gap in education in rural northwest China. We first discuss parental perceptions of abilities and appropriate roles for girls and boys; parental concerns about old-age support; and parental perceptions of different labor market outcomes for girls' and boys' education. We then investigate gender disparities in investments in children, children's performan...

The Literature review indicates that the high blood pressure has a different prevalence in various population of Iran and in the age group of 35 and above the rate varies from 7% in Qushguai tribe to 30% in Teheran and Anzali. The purpose of this study is to know whether the essential hypertension begins at the early age of life; and also to standardizing the normal value of blood pressure in c...