BACKGROUND Little solid information is available on the possible risks for neuronal injury in amateur boxing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether amateur boxing and severity of hits are associated with elevated levels of biochemical markers for neuronal injury in cerebrospinal fluid. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Referral center specializing in evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. ...

A granular cell tumor (GCT) in the central nervous system (CNS) of a ferret is rare finding. In this case cerebral GCT described 5-year-old castrated female ferret. The animal developed lameness right hind leg which progreseed to total ataxia. died and necropsy revealed mass medial caudal part left frontal lobe brain. Based on histological imunohistochemical findings, was diagnosed as tumor. Im...

Brains from ovariectomised (ovx) rats can display features similar to those observed in menopausal women with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and oestrogen seems to play a key role. Preliminary studies on young coconut juice (YCJ) have reported the presence of oestrogen-like components in it. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of YCJ on the AD pathological changes in the brains of ov...

Transient focal cerebral ischaemia can cause neuronal damage in remote areas, including the ipsilateral thalamus and subsutantia nigra, as well as in the ischaemic core. In the present study, we investigated long-term changes in the ipsilateral substantia nigra from 1 up to 20 weeks after 90 min of transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats, using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nuclei (Neu...

This review focuses on biomarkers associated with the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, such as caspase-3; total antioxidant capacity; melatonin; S100B protein; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); glutamate; lactate; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); substance P; neuron-specific enolase (NSE); ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1 (UCH-L1); tau; decanoic acid; and...

Astrocytes represent the major glial cell population within the central nervous system. In order to elucidate the function of astrocytes under physiological conditions and during the course of neurological disease, astrocytic gene expression profiling is necessary. However, since astrocytes form an intimately connected network with neurons and other cell types in the brain, gene expression anal...

PURPOSE Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is normally expressed in astrocytes, but not in Müller cells, in the mouse retina. In response to retinal injury or photoreceptor degeneration, however, GFAP gene transcription is strongly activated in the Müller cell. To identify the genetic elements involved in GFAP gene induction, the authors have studied gene expression in transgenic mice in wh...

In order to determine whether newly born cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat express the neuronal marker, neuron-specific enolase, or the glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, we performed combined immunohistochemistry and autoradiography on brains from adult rats perfused at various times ranging from 1 h to four weeks following [3H]thymidine administration. Light-microscopic ...

Acidic calponin, an F-actin-binding protein, is particularly enriched in brain, where calponin protein and mRNA are mainly expressed by neurons. The presence of calponin immunoreactivity in cultured astroglial cells has been reported, but the presence of acidic calponin in astrocytes in vivo appears equivocal. For the present study, we raised a specific polyclonal antibody against the 16-residu...