M. B. Araújo ([email protected]), Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, UK, and Dept of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, ES-28006, Madrid, Spain, and Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Univ. of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-210...

Understanding how the dynamics of vegetation growth respond to climate change at different temporal and spatial scales is critical to projecting future ecosystem dynamics and the adaptation of ecosystems to global change. In this study, we investigated vegetated growth dynamics (annual productivity, seasonality and the minimum amount of vegetated cover) in China and their relations with climati...

Global analyses of surface mean air temperature (T(m)) are key datasets for climate change studies and provide fundamental evidences for global warming. However, the causes of regional contrasts in the warming rate revealed by such datasets, i.e., enhanced warming rates over the northern high latitudes and the "warming hole" over the central U.S., are still under debate. Here we show these regi...

Institute of Observational Research for Global Change/JAMSTEC, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan 2State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China 3Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, U.S.A. 4Nagasaki Marine Observatory, Japan Meteorolo...

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species, and, in particular, in insects. The present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and dispersal. The effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in temperature. They can differ between seasons and bioclimatic regions. Earl...

Large multidimensional arrays are widely used in scienti c and engineering database applications. In this paper, we present methods of organizing arrays to make their access on secondary and tertiary memory devices fast and e cient. We have developed four techniques for doing this: (1) storing the array in multidimensional \chunks" to minimize the number of blocks fetched, (2) reordering the ch...

The number of interactions among environmental factors and plant genetic constraints makes an assessment of plant responses to global change factors difficult to solve by experimentation alone. Mechanistically-based Functional-Structural Plant Models (FSPMs) however, have the potential to predict the effects of subtle interactions among environmental driving variables on key physiological proce...

Current climate and human-induced changes are projected to alter many regimes of ecosystem functioning. It is projected that invasive species, nonnative species that can be of great detriment to an ecosystem, will benefit under these conditions. The Prairie Invasion and Climate Experiment (PRICLE) studies the effects of two global change factors – N addition and altered precipitation – on invas...

As a consequence of warming temperatures around the world, spring and autumn phenologies have been shifting, with corresponding changes in the length of the growing season. Our understanding of the spatial and interspecific variation of these changes, however, is limited. Not all species are responding similarly, and there is significant spatial variation in responses even within species. This ...

SM 1. Cross correlation of laminated sequences among gravity cores (G) and box-cores (B). All the cores were retrieved off Pisco, Peru. The yellow lines indicate the position of the sedimentological shift (Gutierrez et al. 2009), the upper black bold lines indicate the start of Am activities and the green thick lines indicate the correlations of the diatomrich layers. The stratigraphic markers ...