P.J. Westenend, MD, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen (The Netherlands) Dear Sir, The role of lipids in the pathogenesis and progression of glomerulosclerosis has become a focus ofrecent investigation. Some studies suggest that the development of glomerulosclerosis is analogous to that of atherosclerosis [1]. This hypothesis is in part based...

Actinic granuloma is an uncommon granulomatous disease, characterized by annular erythematous plaque with central clearing predominately located on sun-damaged skin. The pathogenesis is not well understood, ultraviolet radiation is recognized as precipitating factor. We report a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with asymptomatic annular erythematous plaques on the forehead and both che...

Two variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis are known to present epithelial hypercellularity in the Bowman's space, namely the collapsing and the cellular types. This epithelial cell proliferation may get features of either pseudocrescent or tubular profiles. Our case of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has been ultrastructurally investigated concerning the proliferating epi...

1.1 Token frequency For completeness, this section demonstrates that relying on token frequency instead of type frequency does not provide a way out for the lexicalist hypothesis. Figure 7 shows the association between accuracy and tokenfrequency measures, analogous to the figures above for the type-frequency measures. The results are similar, albeit less promising: token segmental bigram frequ...

INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy can occur during the course of both type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The characteristic lesions are diffuse or nodular (Kimmelsteil-Wilson) diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The reported cases represent unusual presentations of diabetes mellitus. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of a 49-year-old man without prior history of diabetes mellitus who presented w...

A boy with focal glomerulosclerosis as a result of nephrotic syndrome became unresponsive to corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide. He was given prolonged subcutaneous heparin with reduction in proteinuria, return of corticosteroid sensitivity, and no further deterioration (possibly improvement) in histological appearance. He remained completely well after five years.

Bisphosphonates such as pamidronate are widely used in the treatment of patients with lytic bony lesions secondary to breast cancer or multiple myeloma, yet they have been associated with deterioration of renal function and histopathological changes in the kidney. There have been recent reports associating the use of pamidronate with the development of the collapsing variant of focal segmental ...

The treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome such as minimal change nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis nephropathy remains challenging. Whilst most cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome respond to steroid therapy and experience a limited number of relapses prior to complete remission, some cases suffer from frequent relapses and become steroid dependent ...

Alendronate-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis Sir, Alendronate sodium, a bisphosphonate and commonly used pharmacologic agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis, has been rarely linked to renal toxicity [1] but not in association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). A 55-year-old Caucasian woman developed proteinuria and hypertension. Nine years earlier, she had been diagnos...