Active-site-inhibited plasmin was prepared by inhibition with d-valyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-lysylchloromethane or by bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz inhibitor). Active-site-inhibited Glu-plasmin binds far more strongly to fibrin than Glu-plasminogen [native human plasminogen with N-terminal glutamic acid (residues 1-790)]. This binding is decreased by alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor and trane...

As a biostimulant, amino acids play crucial roles in enhancing plant growth and development. These roles, combined with the ability to be approved for organic usage, make good choice sustainable farming systems. This work investigates effect of onion seed priming different exogenous acids, specifically impact diverse range morpho-physiological responses seedlings. Here, we primed seeds (Cultiva...

Glucose-6-phosphatase (Glu-6-Pase) catalyzes the terminal step of gluconeogenesis, the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate (Glu-6-P) to free glucose. This enzyme activity is thought to be conferred by a complex of proteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including a Glu-6-P translocase that transports Glu-6-P into the lumen of the ER, a phosphohydrolase catalytic subunit residing in t...

The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) in the form of simple sugars to creatine (Cr) supplements is central. The study aimed to determine whether ingestion of glucose (Glu) simultaneously with Cr and glycerol (Cr/Gly) supplement is detrimental to plasma lipids of endurance-trained individuals and find out whether modification arising can be attenuated by replacing part of the Glu with alpha lipoic ...

We obtained patch-clamp recordings from neuron-glial cell pairs in cerebellar brain slices to examine the contribution of glutamate (Glu) uptake by Bergmann glial cells to shaping excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse. We show that electrical stimulation of parallel fibers not only activates EPSCs in Purkinje cells but also activates inward curr...

Glutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system and under normal conditions plays an important role in information processing in the brain. Therefore, extracellular Glu is subject to strong homeostasis. Astrocytes in the brain have been considered to be mainly responsible for the clearance of extracellular Glu. In this study, using mixed neuron/ast...

The aldolase catalytic cycle consists of a number of proton transfers that interconvert covalent enzyme intermediates. Glu-187 is a conserved amino acid that is located in the mammalian fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase active site. Its central location, within hydrogen bonding distance of three other conserved active site residues: Lys-146, Glu-189, and Schiff base-forming Lys-229, makes it a...

Glu(282) located in the NH(2)-terminal part of transmembrane helix M3 of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase was replaced by alanine, glycine, leucine, lysine, aspartate, or glutamine, and the effects of the mutations on the overall and partial reactions of the enzyme were analyzed. The mutations affected at least 3 important functions of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase: (i) the conformational transitions between E(1)...

Static contraction of skeletal muscle evokes reflex increases in blood pressure and heart rate. Previous studies showed that P2X receptors located at the dorsal horn of the spinal cord play a role in modulating the muscle pressor reflex. P2X stimulation can alter release of the excitatory amino acid, glutamate (Glu). In this report, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation of P2X receptors enh...