Fructose consumption by Americans has increased markedly, whereas Ca(2+) intake has decreased below recommended levels. Because fructose metabolism decreases enterocyte ATP concentrations, we tested the hypothesis that luminal fructose acutely reduces active, diet-inducible Ca(2+) transport in the small intestine. We confirmed that the decrease in ATP concentrations was indeed greater in fructo...

Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is defective in patients with type 2 diabetes. To determine whether transgenic glucose transporter overexpression in muscle can prevent diabetes induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet, singly (GLUT-1, GLUT-4) and doubly (GLUT-1 and -4) transgenic mice were placed on a high-fat, high-sugar diet or a standard chow diet. On the high-fat, high-sugar diet, wild-type...

This study was to investigate the anti-diabetic effects and molecular mechanisms of Tang-Kang-Fu-San (TKFS), a traditional Tibetan medicine, in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus of spontaneous diabetic db/db mice. Firstly HPLC fingerprint analysis was performed to gain the features of the chemical compositions of TKFS. Next different doses of TKFS (0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg) were adminis...

Four members of two glucose transporter families, SGLT1, SGLT2, GLUT1, and GLUT2, are differentially expressed in the kidney, and three of them have been shown to be necessary for normal glucose resorption from the glomerular filtrate. Mutations in SGLT1 are associated with glucose-galactose malabsorption, SGLT2 with familial renal glucosuria (FRG), and GLUT2 with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome. Patie...

1. A. The sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, empaglifloxin (Jardiance®), dapagliflozin (Farxiga®), and canagliflozin (Invokana®) inhibit proximal tubular glucose reabsorption resulting in renal glucosuria. These drugs can cause weight loss, natriuresis with volume depletion, hypotension, bacterial or fungal UTI, and ketoacidosis even in Type 2 diabetics. Ketoacidosis is more like...