The effects of several cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation are mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress. To better understand this process, we analyzed certain biochemical properties affecting reduction-oxidation (redox) balance in normal prostate epithelial cells and several prostate cancer cell lines. Highly aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 cells demonstrated...

Glutathione status and its relationship to protein synthesis during water deficit and subsequent rehydration have been examined in the drought-tolerant moss, Tortula ruralis. During slow drying there is a small decrease in total glutathione but the percentage of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increases. During rapid drying there is little change in total glutathione but a small increase in GSSG. O...

Glutathione, γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine, exists abundantly in nearly all organisms. Glutathione participates in various physiological processes involved in redox reactions by serving as an electron donor/acceptor. We found that the abundance of total glutathione increased up to 60% in resistant wheat plants within 72 hours following attack by the gall midge Mayetiola destructor, the Hessian fly...

Roberto Tommasini, Enrico Martinoia, Erwin Grill, Karl-Josef Dietz*, and Nikolaus Amrhein Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstraße 5, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland * Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-97082 Würzburg, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 48c, 867-871 (1993); received August 23, 1993 Glutathione, Transport, Vac...

Glutathione (GSH) is the major source of intracellular sulfhydryl groups. Oxidized GSH (GSSG) can be recycled to GSH by the GSH reductase or exported from the cell. The mechanism by which GSSG is exported and the consequence of its export from endothelial cells has not been defined previously. We found that human endothelial cells express the multidrug resistance protein-1 (MRP1) and use this a...

UNLABELLED STUDY AND OBJECTIVES: (Na + K)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and morphologic characteristics of the lung and kidney of rats under acute ethanol intoxication were assessed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of tissue damage. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS Adult rats were given ethanol (5.5 g/kg) 3 h before performing the biochemical and morp...

Glutathione is the most abundant low molecular weight thiol in the eukaryotic cytosol. The compartment-specific ratio and absolute concentrations of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG, respectively) are, however, not easily determined. Here, we present a glutathione-specific green fluorescent protein-based redox probe termed redox sensitive YFP (rxYFP). Using yeast with genetically ...

Friedreich's ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. The main phenotypic features of frataxin-deficient human and yeast cells include iron accumulation in mitochondria, iron-sulphur cluster defects and high sensitivity to oxidative stress. Glutathione is a major protective agent against oxidative damage and glutathione-related sy...

Probably the most important message that a Forum on the reduction–oxidation (redox) environment in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) must nowadays convey is that an ‘‘ER redox state’’ as such does not exist. The ER rather features a variety of redox systems, which—in many cases—react independently with incoming substrates and xenobiotics. Thus, any statement claiming ER hyperor hypo-oxidation unde...

The mode of binding of NADPH and oxidized glutathione to the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase has been determined by x-ray crystallography. Furthermore, two intermediates of the reaction have been produced in the crystal and have been structurally elucidated. All these analyses were done at 0.3 nm resolution. The results allow the stereochemical description of the mechanism of the enzyme. The ...