The main results are about the groups of the negations on the unit square, which is considered as a bilattice. It is proven that all the automorphisms on it form a group; the set, containing the monotonic isomorphisms and the strict negations of the first (or the second or the third) kind, with the operator "composition," is a group G₂ (or G₃ or G₄, correspondingly). All these four kinds of map...

We associate a contractible “outer space” to any free product of groups G = G1 ∗ · · · ∗ Gq. It equals Culler-Vogtmann space when G is free, McCulloughMiller space when no Gi is Z. Our proof of contractibility (given when G is not free) is based on Skora’s idea of deforming morphisms between trees. Using the action of Out(G) on this space, we show that Out(G) has finite virtual cohomological di...

BACKGROUND Falls are one of the greatest concerns among the elderly. A number of studies have described peak torque as one of the best fall-related predictor. No studies have comprehensively focused on the rate of torque development of the lower limb muscles among elderly fallers. Then, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle peak torque and rate of torque develop...

BACKGROUND Glycemic index (GI) is intended to be a property of food but some reports are suggestive that GI is influenced by participant characteristics when glucose is used as a reference. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of different reference foods on observed GI. DESIGN The GIs of five varieties of rice and a sugary beverage (LoGiCane™) were tested in 31 European and 32 Chinese partic...

Black and Pinto bean starches were physically and chemically modified to investigate the effect of modification on digestibility and physicochemical properties of bean starch. The impact of acetylation, oxidation (ozonation) and annealing on the chemical composition, syneresis, swelling volume, pasting, thermal properties and digestibility of starches was evaluated. The physicochemical and esti...