Innovation plays a crucial role in improving firm's performance. The relationship between innovation and productivity has been widely analysed during this decade across countries industries, generating important new findings. This study aims to provide an overall literature review on the of firms obtain comprehensive overview changing productivity. By reviewing existing empirical evidence, one ...

Missing values are endemic in the data sets available to econometricians. This paper suggests a unified likelihood-based approach to deal with several nonignorable missing data problems for discrete choice models. Our concern is when either the dependent variable is unobserved or situations when both dependent variable and covariates are missing for some sampling units. These cases are also con...

Although initially originated as a totally empirical relationship to explain the volume of trade between two partners, gravity equation has been the focus of several theoretic models that try to explain it. Specialization models are of great importance in providing a solid theoretic ground for gravity equation in bilateral trade. Some research papers try to improve specialization models by addi...

value added is a criterion for evaluating the performance of economic units. statistics related to various economic indicators of industrial workshops located in iranian provinces with their value added are annually obtained by statistical centre of iran via “industrial workshops survey” program. this study is going to find the most important factors affecting the value added of the workshops, ...

Long memory (long-term dependence) seems to be as widespread in financial time series as in nature. Inspired by the long memory property, Multi-fractal processes have recently been introduced as a new tool for modeling the stylized facts in financial time series. In this paper, we attempt to construct a bivariate multi-fractal model, and implement its estimation via both GMM and likelihood appr...

Asset encumbrance is a central concept in the context of banks’ liquidity crises, as it associated with their capacity to obtain secured funding. This occasional paper summarises work carried out by task force on asset encumbrance, bringing together analyses ECB and those national competent authorities working topic. First, we describe how has evolved euro area banks, focusing country business ...

We investigate which variables have supported growth in the euro area over last 30 years. This is a challenging task due to dimensionality problems: large set of potential determinants, limited data, and prospect that some could be non-stationary. assemble 35 real, financial, monetary, institutional for nine original countries covering period between 1990Q1 2016Q4. Using Weighted-Average Least ...

This paper examines GMM and ML estimation of econometric models and the theory of Hausman tests with sampling weights. Weighted conditional GMM can be more e$cient than weighted conditional MLE, an ine$cient alternative to full information MLE under choice-based sampling, unless regressions have homoscedastic additive disturbances or sampling weights are independent of exogenous variables. GMM ...

almost ideal demand system (aids) and rotterdam model have been employed to (by means of seemingly unrelated regression (sur) estimate the function related to milk and dairy products in the urban societies of iran for years 1982 to 2009. cross and cross price elasticities have been evaluated too. results indicated that during the study period, share of milk products in household budget was more...

the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of monetary regime (countries with inflation targeting monetary policy versus countries with exchange rate anchor) on the extent of exchange rate pass-through over the period of 1999-2010. to achieve this objective, the econometric model has been estimated by dynamic panel data approach and arrelano- bond (ab) method. the empirical ...