Calcium ions are well-known intracellular signalling molecules. A new study identifies local cytoplasmic calcium as a central integrator of metabolic and proliferative signals in Drosophila intestinal stem cells.

Fifty years ago pharmacological discoveries transformed psychiatry but progress since then has been relatively slow and there is unease about the role of industry. Despite this, the possibilities of pharmacological treatment have improved in recent years but exploiting developments for the benefit of patients requires psychotherapeutic skill as well as a high level of scientific knowledge.

The American focus on the sexual purpose of breasts, rather than the physiological function of breasts, has serious public health consequences. Discomfort with breastfeeding in public lowers breastfeeding rates, which in turn negatively affects women's and children's short- and long-term health.

The glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activities of five transplanted malignant liver tumors were compared, as well as that of mammary adenocarcinoma 6338, the Walker carcinosarcoma ~56, and the livers and sera of the host rats. Bile and urine were analyzed in some additional experiments with Hepatoma 51~3. The GOT activity of Hepatoma 51~3, unlike that of the Dunning, the Novikoff, the Mo...

We have examined a polymorphism for the soluble glutamate oxaloacetate (GOT-1) isozyme system which was found in the Asian mouse Mus castaneus. Variants of GOT-1 segregate as though they are controlled by codominant alleles for a single autosomal locus which we have designated Got-1. No close linkage of genes for soluble and mitochondrial forms of the enzyme, GOT-1 and GOT-2 respectively, was o...

Introduction. My life, like that of any other’s, has its share of problems. I consider myself fortunate, however, to have more problems than most. In the past several years I’ve dealt with war, gambling, and drugs to name but a few. In writing this article I intend to dump some of my problems on you. The problems that I refer to are mathematical, but accessible to a wider audience (so keep read...

Effect sizes are important for power analysis and meta-analysis. This has led to a debate on reporting effect sizes for studies that are not statistically significant. Contrary and supportive evidence has been offered on the basis of Monte Carlo methods. In this article, clarifications are given regarding what should be simulated to determine the possible effects of piecemeal publishing trivial...

Publication in 1975 by Patrick O'Farrell of a procedure to separate the proteins of Escherichia coli in a two-dimensional array on polyacrylamide gels marked the birth of the field now called proteomics. Although O'Farrell's contribution was soon to have wide ranging effects on research in many fields, the initial impact was greatest in the arena of whole cell physiology. Refinements and amplif...

Occam’s razor is the principle that, given two hypotheses consistent with the observed data, the simpler one should be preferred. Many machine learning algorithms follow this principle and search for a small hypothesis within the version space. The principle has been the subject of a heated debate with theoretical and empirical arguments both for and against it. Earlier empirical studies lacked...

Lexical tone is one of the most challenging pronunciation problems in tonal language acquisition. Accurate lexical tone production is especially challenging for people whose native language is not a tonal one. In this paper, we propose Goodness of Tone (GOT), a confidence measure inspired from goodness of pronunciation (GOP) for tone recognition. GOT is a vector representation of the confidence...