The effect of different austenite grain size and different cooling rates on the austenite to ferrite transformation temperature and different ferrite morphologies in one Nb-microalloyed (HSLA) steel has been investigated. Three different austenite grain sizes were selected and cooled at two different cooling rates for obtaining austenite to ferrite transformation temperature. Moreover, samples ...

Thin fi lms with microcrystalline and nanocrystalline grains are used in MEMS and thin fi lms for electronics. These systems have mechanical properties that depend on the microstructure. Grain size is frequently reported only as mean values or bounds. It has been demonstrated, however, that a mean grain size value is insuffi cient to describe the microstructure of these materials and the result...

We investigate the role and behaviour of dust grains in C-type MHD shock waves in weakly ionized, dense molecular clouds. The structure of C-type shocks in molecular clouds are largely determined by the coupling of the charged species and the magnetic fields in the pre-shock gas. In weakly ionized clouds, charged dust grains enhance the energy and momentum transfer between the magnetic field an...

It is well-known that sediment composition strongly depends on grain size. A number of studies have tried to quantify this relationship focusing on the sand fraction, but only very limited data exists covering wider grain size ranges. Geologists have a clear conceptual model of the relation between grain size and sediment petrograpic composition, typically displayed in evolution diagrams. We ch...

It is difficult and time consuming to use traditional measurement methods to estimate the physical properties of snow. However, the emergence of hyperspectral imagery for estimating the physical properties of snow provides a powerful tool. Snow albedo, grain size, and temperature are important factors for evaluating the surface energy balance. Using the spectrum-reflection curves of the differe...

Data characteristics and species traits are expected to influence the accuracy with which species’ distributions can be modeled and predicted. We compare 10 modeling techniques in terms of predictive power and sensitivity to location error, change in map resolution, and sample size, and assess whether some species traits can explain variation in model performance. We focused on 30 native tree s...