the present study seeks to introduce and investigate an approach to teaching writing in the efl classroom which draws heavily on the use of formulaic expressions. in contrast to its predecessors, this approach includes both the application of process writing techniques and the teaching of grammar and vocabulary into its syllabus. two groups of 30 efl learners participated in this study. one gro...

Writing is a big problem for law students because of the lack grammar mastery, limited interactions during pandemic, and motivation. This study aims to fill need investigations about social affective strategies, part learning in writing opinion texts by pandemic. used mix-method. The respondents were 245 first-year at University Muhammadiyah Malang. Data collection inventory open-ended question...

As the law of language use, grammar guides application and practice language.A strong foundation in improves reading writing skills. Therefore, mastering skillfully plays a positive effective role improving students’ ability. However, current English teaching senior high schools China faces many problems. First all, necessity has been ignored to some extent. In practical teaching, most teachers...

The use of Controlled Languages in technical documentation is becoming a large concern for many organisations. Authoring texts which conform to these speciications is a problematic process: the language deenition may be vague, the most immediate grammatical construction may not be permitted and so on. Technological support for the writing process may ooer a number of aids, including style, or g...

The formalism is argued to be a totally declarative grammar formalism that can associate, to strings in a language, arbitrary tree structures as desired by the grammar writer to be the linguistic representation structures of the strings. More importantly is the facility to specify the correspondence between the string and the associated tree in a very natural manner. These features are very muc...

Existence of automatic writing assistance tools such as spell and grammar checker/corrector can help in increasing electronic texts with higher quality by removing noises and cleaning the sentences. Different kinds of errors in a text can be categorized into spelling, grammatical and real-word errors. In this article, the concepts of an automatic grammar checker for Persian (Farsi) language, is...

L-Systems have traditionally been used as a popular method for the modelling of spacefilling curves, biological systems and morphogenesis. In this paper, we adapt string rewriting grammars based on L-Systems into a system for music composition. Representation of pitch, duration and timbre are encoded as grammar symbols, upon which a series of re-writing rules are applied. Parametric extensions ...

Natural language grammars with large coverage are typically the result of many person-years of effort, working with clumsy formalisms and sub-optimal software support for grammar development. This paper describes our approach to the task of writing a substantial grammar, as part of a collaboration to produce a general purpose morphological and syntactic analyser for English. The grammatical for...

This paper explores the usefulness of a technique from software engineering, code instrumentation, for the development of large-scale natural language grammars. Information about the usage of grammar rules in test and corpus sentences is used to improve grammar and testsuite, as well as adapting a grammar to a speci c genre. Results show that less than half of a large-coverage grammar for Germa...