The LFG model is based on an enriched lexicon, which contains associations between grammatical functions and their arguments, enabling decomposition on characteristic features and is suitable for formal description of languages with a rich morphological structure and a relatively free word order. Rejecting syntactic movement of constituents as the mechanism for realization of the surface syntac...

Previous studies have reported anticipatory effects during sentence processing. However, the source of these effects has not been clearly characterized. This study investigated the hypothesis that one source of anticipatory effects, particularly during verb processing, is the automatic triggering of argument structure processes. If argument structure processes are automatically triggered it was...

This paper reports a phenomenon supporting the hypothesis that the emergence of structure in the evolution of language was a staged process. To develop a grammatical structure it seems necessary to first have discrete constituents which can be the building blocks of a hierarchical system. By analysing observed speech we show that the development of a linear sequence of grammatical constituents ...

This comparative study aimed at finding out the types of grammatical shifts which have occurred in two English translations of the Quranic rhetorical questions, and the impact of such shifts on the said rhetorical questions. For these purposes, the study firstly analyzed the Arabic and English texts syntactically using the x-bar theory for Haegeman (2006) and then classified the grammatical shi...

There has been an increased interest in data generation approaches to grammatical error correction (GEC) using pseudo data. However, these suffer from several issues that make them inconvenient for real-world deployment including a demand large amounts of training On the other hand, some errors based on rules may not necessarily require amount if GEC models can realize generalization. This stud...

We propose to investigate the use of grammatical information to build improved statistical language models. Until recently, language models were primarily innuenced by local lexical constraints. Today, language models often utilize longer range lexical information to aid in their predictions. All of these language models ignore grammatical considerations other than those induced by the statisti...

â  â  â  reasons of differences in grammatical opinions among the ancients â â â â â â â  ryadh alsawad * â  marzieh ghorbankhani ** â  â  abstract â â â  the most important characteristic of the rules of arabic language is their extent and diversity, so that they are difficult for learners to manage and learn. there are different reasons that play role in formation of this diversity. some reas...