Raising agricultural productivity and accelerating agricultural growth are commonly promoted as core development strategies throughout Africa, since the majority of the continent’s poor and malnourished population depends largely on farming. Despite these strategies, agricultural growth in Africa lags behind overall economic growth, and agricultural performance falls below that of other develop...

Why do substantial swathes of territory remain ungoverned for long periods of time? We explore this question using a unique set of legal institutions in Pakistan that clearly demarcate spaces that are to be left ungoverned. During colonial rule, the British divided Pakistan into two distinct regions. The first was the Raj, where the British built modern political and bureaucratic institutions. ...

one of the main puzzles of modern population and social history is why, among all countries confronting rapid population growth in the second half of the twentieth century, China chose to adopt an extreme measure of birth control known as the one-child policy. a related question is why such a policy, acknowledged to have many undesirable consequences, has been retained for so long, even beyond ...

Traditional smart grid energy auctions cannot directly be integrated in blockchain due to its decentralized nature. Therefore, research works are being carried out propose efficient for trading. Since, is a novel paradigm which ensures trust, but it also comes up with curse of high computation and communication complexity eventually causes resource scarcity, therefore, there need develop encour...