G reenhouse gases, naturally present at low concentrations in the lower atmosphere , keep the Earth's mean surface temperature at around 15°C. Without this trapping of heat (" radiative forcing ") the mean air temperature would be –18°C and the Earth would freeze. The mechanism of the greenhouse effect is illustrated in Fig. 1. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases have been increa...

the optimization model for evaluating regional and global effects of greenhouse gases reductionpolicies named merge is an actively usable tool for studying some aspects of the problem of climate change.it is first of all destined for the quantitative estimation of emission trajectories and results of applyingabatement measures. in the paper, the emphasis is on the adaptation of the integrated a...