We studied the effects of the lower leg bi-articular muscle in vertebrates in jumping. We used the proposed Jumping Jack model in computer simulation to analyze the impact of bi-articular muscle on postural jumping stability, energy transition caused by postural change, and the relationship between the ground reaction force and the center of gravity. We made a trial model and measured the jumpi...

Many-legged animals, such as crabs and cockroaches, utilize whole-body mechanics similar to that observed for running bipeds and trotting quadrupedal mammals. Despite the diversity in morphology, two legs in a quadrupedal mammal, three legs in an insect and four legs in a crab can function in the same way as one leg of a biped during ground contact. To explain how diverse leg designs can result...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between knee pain and various indicators of the combined performance of the lower extremity (including gait parameters, functional performance such as timed up and go, and functional reach test) and to determine whether the classification of vertical ground reaction forces correlates with gait parameters and functional performance...

Crouch gait, a common condition among children with cerebral palsy, decreases walking efficiency due to the increased knee and hip flexion during the stance phase of gait [1]. Excessive knee flexion during walking deteriorates joints and leads to chronic knee pain [2], and if untreated, these symptoms can worsen over time [3]. Several factors have been linked with crouch gait, including muscle ...

Gait is a basic requirement for daily activity and is known as one of the most universal and complex of all human activities (Sadeghi et al, 2000). The aim of gait is to support the body against gravity while generating movements to propel the body forward. For producing the smooth rhythmical motion of the able-bodied gait, it requires precise coordination between the tasks of propulsion and ba...

When standing on a slope, a human adjusts his or her posture, i.e., ankle joint angles adjust to the gradient of the slope. In such adaptive behavior, ground reaction forces play an important role. Based on this view, we propose a new posture control law that employs PD and force feedback control, and prove its effectiveness in creating local stability. Applying this control law to a simple rob...

Gait analysis has been extensively performed in dogs and horses; however, very little is known about feline biomechanics. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to determine the coefficient of variation (CV) among three ground reaction force (GRF) measurements taken for 15 client-owned European shorthaired cats without a training period and a short acclimatisation time. Gait was measured as e...

Several forces are always exerted to the locomotion systems such as inertial forces, gravitational forces, and ground reaction forces. Among them, we here focus on the ground reaction forces to consider the balance control of the simple two-link model in the sagittal plane, which contains one actuator at the ankle and two force sensors on the sole. To keep the balance, it is necessary that the ...

Simple methods to quantify ground reaction forces (GRFs) outside a laboratory setting are needed to understand daily loading sustained by the body. Here, we present methods to estimate peak vertical GRF (pGRFvert) and peak braking GRF (pGRFbrake) in adults using raw hip activity monitor (AM) acceleration data. The purpose of this study was to develop a statistically based model to estimate pGRF...

The study gives up findings of ground reaction force (GRF) measurement in traumatic transtibial amputees (TT) equipped with prosthesis. Results disclose significant asymmetries between the amputated and healthy legs, as well as between transtibial amputees and non-disabled persons. Decreased GRF of prosthesis (max. horizontal force Fx2 and medio-lateral Fy1 (p < 0.05), max. vertical force Fz1 d...