The paper considers text independent speaker identification over the telephone using short training and testing data. Gaussian Mixture Modeling (GMM) is used in the testing phase, but the parameters of the model are taken from clusters obtained for the training data by an adequate choice of feature vectors and a distance measure without optimization in the maximum likelihood (ML) sense. This di...

tumor growth has a number of features in common with a physical process known as molecular beam epitaxy (mbe). so using the same equations for tumor growth is sensible. however, tumor substrate unlike mbe is not planar that makes necessary a geometrical treatment of the growth equations. a variety of mathematical models have been proposed to describe tumor growth. the justification for these mo...

macroeconomic stabilitv is a major prerequisite fo r real economic growth. in th is study in order to allalyse tile empirical relation ship between macroeconomic instability and per capita real growth, a regression model has been specifi ed for tile iranian economy . in this equation , lour variables including hudget deficit as a ratio to gdp. intlation rate , percenltlge change in tile rea! ex...

This paper proposes a new mapping method combining GMM and codebook mapping methods to transform spectral envelope for voice conversion system. After analyzing overly smoothing problem of GMM mapping method in detail, we propose to convert the basic spectral envelope by GMM method and convert envelope-subtracted spectral details by GMM and phone-tied codebook mapping method. Objective evaluatio...

We contribute to the finance-growth nexus literature by showing that credit origin, bank ownership, type of credit, and matter in economic growth. use a unique dataset covering 5555 cities Brazil, with granular information on characteristics. find non-earmarked corporate sector is associated municipal growth more strongly than earmarked despite increase relevance latter after global financial c...

This paper presents a new approach to modeling speech spectra and pitch for text-independent speaker identification using Gaussian mixture models based on multi-space probability distribution (MSD-GMM). The MSD-GMM allows us to model continuous pitch values for voiced frames and discrete symbols representing unvoiced frames in a unified framework. Spectral and pitch features are jointly modeled...

This paper investigates the impact of stock markets and banks on economic growth using a panel data set for the period 1976-98 and applying recent GMM techniques developed for dynamic panels. On balance, we find that stock markets and banks positively influence economic growth and these findings are not due to potential biases induced by simultaneity, omitted variables or unobserved country-spe...