SUMMARY NDUSTRY CANADA ORIGINALLY PROPOSED the question in the title as the basis for a research paper. Because of the lack of data suitable for framing and testing a quantitative model, the resulting paper instead provides some tentative estimates of the relative sizes of immigration and offshoring in the Canadian context, specifically in the context of skilled services. Very approximate estim...

Understanding the causes and consequences of population fluctuations is a central goal of ecology. We used demographic data from a long-term (1990-2008) study and matrix population models to investigate factors and processes influencing the dynamics and persistence of a golden-mantled ground squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis) population, inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat in Colorado, U...

Background: Nursing shortage is a global health problem and one of the main challenges for healthcare systems throughout the world including Iran. Meanwhile, a large number of Iranian nurses migrate to other countries every year. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of intention to immigration in Iranian nurses and its relationship with workload and a healthy work environment.  ...

Linking dispersal to population growth remains a challenging task and is a major knowledge gap, for example, for conservation management. We studied relative roles of different demographic rates behind population growth in Siberian flying squirrels in two nest-box breeding populations in western Finland. Adults and offspring were captured and individually identifiable. We constructed an integra...

This article suggests an up-to-date, integrative theoretical/empirical model to explain IPH against Ethiopian women, as an example of IPH against women from patriarchal cultures in general, emphasizing the fact that psychological explanations, as well as socio-cultural ones alone, are insufficient for an understanding of this phenomenon. A full analysis requires the combination of the different...

Birth-death processes are applied in the modelling of many biological populations, such as tumour cells and viruses. Various studies have established that birth-death processes, which occurwhen population size is zero, not in-line with reality situations. Therefore, this study, immigration were investigated. We considered two policies. First, allowed if only zero. Second, at a constant rate irr...

Constant immigration can stabilize population size fluctuations but its effects on extinction remain unexplored. We show that constant immigration significantly reduced extinction in fruitfly populations with relatively stable or unstable dynamics. In unstable populations with oscillations of amplitude around 1.5 times the mean population size, persistence and constancy were unrelated. Low immi...

Direct demographic density dependence is necessary for population regulation and is a central concept in ecology, yet has not been studied in many invasive species, including any invasive marine fish. The red lionfish (Pterois volitans) is an invasive predatory marine fish that is undergoing exponential population growth throughout the tropical western Atlantic. Invasive lionfish threaten coral...