Human mucin 1 (MUC1) is a target for immunotherapy. The major problem associated with MUC1‑based cancer vaccines is the weakness of the immunogenicity of MUC1. The present study aimed to develop an efficient cancer vaccine through generating a recombinant fusion protein consisting of MUC1 and maltose‑binding protein (MBP) by inserting seven tandem repeats encoding the human MUC1 gene into the p...

INTRODUCTION In Canada, bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is now primarily given to First Nations and Inuit (FNI) neonates living in tuberculosis (TB) endemic areas. With declining TB rates, attention has shifted from the protective effects of BCG to reports of serious vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAE). METHODS Surveillance data were reviewed to assess TB burden and trends, BCG cov...

The incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in the GB has been increasing since the 1980s. Immunisation, alongside current control measures, has been proposed as a sustainable measure to control bTB. Immunisation with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been shown to protect against bTB. Furthermore, much experimental data indicates that pulmonary local immunity is important f...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is linked to the risk of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children <5 years of age. METHODS Data from Macro International Demographic and Health Surveys and United Nations Children's Fund Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys were used to identify a primary cohort of 58,021 children in 19 countries (2005-2010)...

The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is highly variable between populations. One possible explanation for this variability is increased exposure of certain populations to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This study used a murine model to determine the effect that exposure to NTM after BCG vaccination had on the efficacy ...

BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) being a live attenuated vaccine may cause disseminated disease (BCGiosis) in patients with impaired immunity. Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) having defect in both cellular and humoral immunity are predisposed to a host of live vaccine related complications, especially BCG. We report an infant presenting persistent fever, weight loss, anemia,...

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urinary tract, and overall it is among the top 10 cancers in men. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type, with the majority being superficial disease, i.e. the tumour has not gone beyond the lamina propria. The main problem with superficial TCC is the high recurrence rate. Various forms of treatment methods have been atte...

OBJECTIVE To identify the appropriate characteristics of superficial bladder cancer that allow the physician to predict tumor behavior. METHODS We analyzed 1,745 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer with regard to disease and patient characteristics. RESULTS With the characteristics we found, the population can be described and prognostic factors can be found. Moreover, with the...

Abstract Aim Initial data to compare the effectiveness of Chemohypothermia with Mitomycin C (MMC) and Immunotherapy Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in High risk Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Method Sixty six patients who underwent Trans-urethral resection tumor (TURBT) were divided into two equal groups; hyperthermic intravesical chemotherapy group BCG group. Six instillation's (on...

conclusions disseminated bcg infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants and young children with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and history of bcg vaccination. the pcr method has a high positivity rate and can serve as a useful tool for the rapid and specific identification of m. bovis bcg substrain infection. results from the total of 34 children hospit...