the development of reliable processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology. biologically synthesized nanoparticles could have innumerable applications in different areas such as reception, catalyzers, biolabellers, etc. in the present review, we emphasize the richness of the microbial world which encompasses a plethora of endophytic entities as an emerging...

today oil removal from contaminated soil by new methods such as bioremediation is necessary.  in this paper, the effect of chemical fertilizers and aeration on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil has been investigated. also the control group, (bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil without treatment by chemical fertilizers and aeration treatment was examined. the cond...

methods for measuring toxicity or respiratory activity of microbial cultures can be used as tools for assessing the presence of chemicals and their impact on the streams. the proposed toxicity test is based on the respirometric characteristics of the bacteria according to the principals of biolog’s microplate system. as the microorganism are utilizing the carbon source (peptone), the reductio...

Biodegradation is defined as the biologically catalyzed reduction in complexity of chemical compounds [1]. Indeed, biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into smaller compounds by living microbial organisms [2]. When biodegradation is complete, the process is called "mineralization". However, in most cases the term biodegra‐ dation is generally used to describ...

background: toxaphene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. the residues of which have been documented throughout the biosphere including water, ground water, soil and lake sediments, even though its use was banned some years ago. toxaphene has been known as an important environmental pollutant as a result of its persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and bio magnification in food ...