OBJECTIVES To create a 3-dimensional (3D) educational computer model of the larynx, to assess the feasibility of this learning module on a Web-based platform, and to obtain student feedback on the module. DESIGN Male and female adult cadaveric necks were scanned with microcomputed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging scanners. Key structures were identified on each slice of the computed...

BACKGROUND Salvianic acid A (SAA), a valuable natural product from herbal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits excellent antioxidant activities on food industries and efficacious therapeutic potential on cardiovascular diseases. Recently, production of SAA in engineered Escherichia coli was established via the artificial biosynthetic pathway of SAA on the multiple plasmids in our previous work. ...

Given a module M over a ring R that has a grading by a semigroup Q, we present a spectral sequence that computes the local cohomology H I(M) at any graded ideal I in terms of Ext modules. We use this method to obtain finiteness results for the local cohomology of graded modules over semigroup rings. In particular we prove that for a semigroup Q whose saturation Q is simplicial, and a finitely g...

The module-wise dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (MDVFS) scheme is applied to a single-chip H.264/MPEG-4 audio/visual codec LSI. The power consumption of the target module with controlled supply voltage and frequency is reduced by 40% in comparison with the operation without voltage or frequency scaling. The consumed power of the chip is 63 mW in decoding QVGA H.264 video at 15 fps and MPE...

In [8], Huneke conjectured that if M is a finitely generated R-module, then the set of associated primes of H i a (M) is finite. Singh [15] provides a counter example for this conjecture. However, it is known that the conjecture is true in many situations. For example, in [11] it is shown that if R is local and dimR/a = 1, then for a finitely generated R-module M , the set AssR(H i a (M)) is fi...

Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 is known to grow by the anaerobic oxidation of formate to CO2 and H2, a reaction that operates near thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we demonstrate that this reaction is coupled to ATP synthesis by a transmembrane ion current. Formate oxidation leads to H(+) translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane that then drives Na(+) translocation. The ion-translocating elect...

Miriam Cohen raised the question whether the smash product of a semisimple Hopf algebra and a semiprime module algebra is semiprime. In this paper we show that the smash product of a commutative semiprime module algebra over a semisimple cosemisimple Hopf algebra is semiprime. In particular we show that the central H-invariant elements of the Martindale ring of quotients of a module algebra for...

We show that the support of a simple weight module over the Virasoro algebra, which has an infinite-dimensional weight space, coincides with the weight lattice and that all non-trivial weight spaces of such module are infinite dimensional. As a corollary we obtain that every simple weight module over the Virasoro algebra, having a nontrivial finite-dimensional weight space, is a Harish-Chandra ...

Miriam Cohen raised the question whether the smash product of a semisimple Hopf algebra and a semiprime module algebra is semiprime. In this paper we show that the smash product of a commutative semiprime module algebra over a semisimple cosemisimple Hopf algebra is semiprime. In particular we show that the central H-invariant elements of the Martindale ring of quotients of a module algebra for...

Integrals in Hopf algebras are an essential tool in studying finite dimensional Hopf algebras and their action on rings. Over fields it has been shown by Sweedler that the existence of integrals in a Hopf algebra is equivalent to the Hopf algebra being finite dimensional. In this paper we examine how much of this is true for Hopf algebras over rings. We show that over any commutative ring R tha...