Since the introduction of type b Haemophilus influenzae vaccination, noncapsulated H. influenzae has become responsible for most cases of invasive H. influenzae diseases. In our two cases of septic arthritis, we isolated strains with β-lactamase-positive amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance (BLPACR). Thus, the increasing prevalence of BLPACR should be taken into account when empirical therapy is ...

guillain barre syndrome (gbs) is an inflammatory, usually demyelinating, polyneuropathy; clinically characterized by acute onset of symmetric progressive muscle weakness with loss of myotatic reflexes. thirty five patients with gbs, defined clinically according to the criteria of asbury and cornblath, were recruited from three hospital affiliated to tehran university of medical sciences.as a co...

  Introduction : Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a Gram negative bacterium and one of the causative agents of acute bacterial meningitis, especially in infants and children less than 5 years old. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS), one of the virulence factors which plays an important role in pathogenesis of Hib, has multiple applications in diagnosis and conjugate vaccines. In this study, LOS ex...

The antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b antigens as capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, and outer membrane components was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 10 adults infected with this bacterium. Almost all patients had detectable amounts of immunoglobulins G and M antibodies specific to capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, or outer membrane in thei...

Twenty clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b were used to determine the in vitro interactions of rifampin with ampicillin or chloramphenicol. Potential interactions of the drugs were evaluated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index and fractional bactericidal concentration index for each strain after treatments with the drugs alone and in combination. There wa...

Soluble antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and group B streptococcus were looked for in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine by using the staphylococcal coagglutination test, latex agglutination test, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The staphylococcal coaggultination and latex agglutination tests were more sensitive than counterimmuno...

Possible route(s) by which encapsulated bacteria invade the blood from the nasopharynx include (i) the direct invasion of submucosal blood vessels and (ii) clearance via lymphatics to regional nodes followed by bloodstream invasion. These possibilities were investigated in rats after intranasal inoculation with 10(5) Haemophilus influenzae type b. Within 24 h of inoculation, 10 of 42 rats with ...

In 1942 Chapman and Osborne reported the first of a series of serological cross reactions involving the type-specific polysaccharides of Diplococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. Since then D. pneumoniae of types VI, XVA, XXIX, and XXXVB (Neter, 1943; Zepp and Hodes, 1943; Alexander, Leidy, and MacPherson, 1946) have been found to show capsular swelling in the presence of type b H. infl...

Pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world. Vaccines are available for some organisms, but they are underutilized and/or still in development. To evaluate the potential impact of vaccines, we review studies in which the etiology of childhood community-acquired pneumonia was recorded. In North America and Europe (9 studies), the etiology of pne...