The halogenesis of the Messinian Tuz Gölü Basin corresponds to sulfate type and magnesium subtype. Compared Sea brines, they have a slightly higher [Na+] concentration, which is 96.6–116.4 g/L, much lower [K+] ranging from 0.1 2.35 g/L. During salt sedimentation, [Mg2+] concentration ranged 6.1 14.0 [SO42−] 18.2 4.5 Physical–chemical reactions in basin’s near-surface bottom waters during suspen...

We observed with optical and scanning electron microscopy halite samples during uniaxial compression. Surface displacement fields were retrieved from digital images taken at different loading stages thanks to digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, on the basis of which we could 1) compute global and local strain fields, 2) identify two co-operational deformation mechanisms. The latter were...

The Mars rover Spirit encountered outcrops and regolith composed of opaline silica (amorphous SiO2·nH2O) in an ancient volcanic hydrothermal setting in Gusev crater. An origin via either fumarole-related acid-sulfate leaching or precipitation from hot spring fluids was suggested previously. However, the potential significance of the characteristic nodular and mm-scale digitate opaline silica st...