We investigated differences in trunk rotation patterns during baseball batting in eight skilled (collegiate level) players and nine unskilled novices using high-speed video cameras. The maximum angle during the backswing, angle at bat-ball impact, and angular displacement during the forward swing were analyzed for data on upper torso, pelvis, and torso-pelvis interaction (trunk twist) angles. W...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Bag-valve-mask ventilation remains an essential component of airway management. Rescuers continue to use both traditional 1- or 2-handed mask-face sealing techniques, as well as a newer modified 2-handed technique. We compare the efficacy of 1-handed, 2-handed, and modified 2-handed bag-valve-mask technique. METHODS In this prospective, crossover study, health care providers p...

expertise, human-computer interaction, cognitive biases, estimation accuracy Experts are often called upon to design interfaces, applications, and instruments for novices. But, there are reasons to believe that expertise may inhibit peoples’ ability to understand the novice experience. Data from one study suggests that experts suffer from a cognitive bias that leads them to underestimate the di...

A grandmaster and an international chess master were compared with a group of novices in a memory task with chess and non-chess stimuli, varying the structure and familiarity of the stimuli, while functional magnetic resonance images were acquired. The pattern of brain activity in the masters was different from that of the novices. Masters showed no differences in brain activity when different ...

Recent research (e.g. López, Atran, Coley, Medin & Smith, 1997; Proffitt, Coley & Medin, 2000; Shafto & Coley, in press) has revealed striking expert-novice differences in category-based induction in the domain of folk biology. In this paper we examine the generality of those findings by investigating expert-novice differences in category-based induction in the domain of music. Experiment 1 rev...

PURPOSE The percutaneous renal access (PRA) is the most critical step of percutaneous renal surgery (PRS). For the training of PRA in the lab, a novel non-biological bench model was developed and set for validation test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experts in PRS (> 60 cases) and novices were included to perform fluoroscopy guided PRA on the model. Overall time, X-ray exposure time and puncture att...

It is known that experts identify or perceive meaningful patterns in visual stimuli related to their domain of expertise. This study explores the speed with which experts and novices detect changes in physics diagrams. Since change detection depends on where individuals direct their attention, differences in the speed with which experts and novices detect changes to diagrams would suggest diffe...

Introduction: Bedside lung ultrasound is increasingly performed in the Emergency Department to assess dyspnoeic patients. Quantifying the number of B-lines (a vertical short path reverberation artefact caused by the presence of interstitial fluid) can help clinicians differentiate 'wet lung' - pulmonary oedema, from 'dry lung' - not pulmonary oedema. The aim of this study was to determine inter...

The aims of this study are (a) To determine the effect of training on the multiple-target lesion search performance; and (b) To examine the effect of target prevalence on the performance of radiologists and novices. We conducted four sessions of 500 trials in a lesion search on a medical image task in which participants searched for three different target lesions. Participants were 10 radiologi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In this study, critical appraisal skills of physical therapists who were inexperienced and expert researchers were compared and the effect of the following independent variables on the appraisal skills of novices was examined: years of physical therapy practice, postgraduate experience with research, level of comfort with research, journal reading habits, and content-spec...