Caste differentiation and reproductive division of labor are the hallmarks of insect societies. In ants and other social Hymenoptera, development of female larvae into queens or workers generally results from environmentally induced differences in gene expression. However, several cases in which certain gene combinations may determine reproductive status have been described in bees and ants. We...

A study was carried out from 1992 to 1996 to compare the resistance to naturally acquired gastro-intestinal (GI) nematode parasite infections (predominantly Haemonchus contortus) of Galla and Small East African goats in the sub-humid coastal region of Kenya. A total of 204 Galla and 349 Small East African (SEA) kids were born from five kiddings. These were the progeny of 18 Galla and 17 SEA buc...

Question: We asked whether a desert ant population and a community of heteromyid rodents select Dithyrea californica seeds in relation to their size, frequency of seed sizes, and absolute density and thus have the capacity to influence natural selection on seed size. Hypothesis: Following the predictions of optimal diet theory, we hypothesized that seed predators will prefer to prey upon larger...

OBJECTIVES Galla chinensis water extract (GCE) has been demonstrated to inhibit dental caries by favorably shifting the demineralization/remineralization balance of enamel and inhibiting the biomass and acid formation of dental biofilm. The present study focused on the comparison of composition and anticaries effect of Galla chinensis extracts with different isolation methods, aiming to improve...

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As a widely used traditional medicine, Galla Chinensis is rich in tannins. However, there are few detailed studies about pharmaceutical preparations of Galla Chinensis tannin extract (GTE). In the present experiments, for better application and to investigate the possibility that Galla Chinensis tannin extract can be used as an antidiarrheal drug, we prepared Galla Chine...

We present a phylogeographic study of at least six reproductively isolated lineages of new world harvester ants within the Pogonomyrmex barbatus and P. rugosus species group. The genetic and geographic relationships within this clade are complex: Four of the identified lineages show genetic caste determination (GCD) and are divided into two pairs. Each pair has evolved under a mutualistic syste...

1. Rehkugler, G. E., and S. D. Parsons. 1964. Sympos ium : Studies on the development of mechanical cabbage harvesters—Progress Report. Some physical properties of the cabbage plant and related harvester development. Paper presented at the winter meeting, American Society of Agri cultural Engineers, New Orleans,, La. 2. Wright, F. S., and W. E. Splinter. 1964. Sympos ium: Studies on the develop...

Factors that affect water loss rates (WLRs) are poorly known for organisms in natural habitats. Seed-harvester ant queens provide an ideal system for examining such factors because WLRs for mated queens excavated from their incipient nests are twofold to threefold higher than those of alate queens. Indirect data suggest that this increase results from soil particles abrading the cuticle during ...