Fair-trade sustainable hatcheries are designed for developing and emerging countries, such as Cameroon Indonesia respectively so that they can use their often-generous sunshine at the service of harmonious development. These by functioning exclusively from solar irradiation nocturnal radiative emission. They fair-trade because simplicity which allows them to be manufactured many local professio...

 Contribution change of factor costs analysis may help managers in decision making and in adjusting to changes. Over the last two decades, production and enhancement of kutum fingerlings have increased in Iran, reaching to more than 229 million fingerlings by 2005, but declined to 187 million from 2005 to 2008. Over the years 2002-2006, a study of fingerling production costs for kutum fish was ...

About 30 Bacillus isolates from various sources like shrimp intestine, pond water and pond sediment were assayed for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics, which included cell wall synthesis inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Most of the isolates were more sensitive against protein synthesis inhibitors than nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Present study...

Tetrahymena corlissi, a free-living protozoan, apparently caused the death of large number of guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) and occasionally other fishes, in aquaria and hatcheries at several locations. Apparently the disease occurs when the fish and protozoan populations are both at a high level of density. The signs include white spots and epidermal damage. Histologically, T. corlissi could ...

The major commercial marine bivalve in French aquaculture is the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Traditionally, bivalve culture relies on juvenile collection from the natural environment but due to the high year-to-year variation in spatfall recruitment the spat production in hatcheries is increasing recently. In this context, a better understanding of the biology of C. gigas larvae is requi...

A rapid, sensitive, and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the direct detection of Campylobacter in environmental samples from hatcheries. PCR, with a set of primers specific for the Campylobacter flaA short variable region (SVR), detected the presence of Campylobacter in both fluff and eggshell samples; however, a determination of whether the organism was living o...

They naturally found in coastal, estuarine and marine environment world wide (Letchumanan et al., 2014; Raghunath, 2014). Vibrionaceae have primarily been investigated due to their pathogenic potential to humans and aquatic animals and can be transmitted to humans via infected water or through fecal transmission. Several species of Vibrio have been implicated with disease in fishes (Elhadi et a...

Species identification Gyrodactylids are ubiquitous monogenean ectoparasites on the skin and gills of teleost fish both in marine and freshwater ecosystems. The most recent species compilation lists some 400 gyrodactylid species. Gyrodactylus salaris is a species of this genus found on fins and skin of Atlantic and Baltic salmon in its freshwater phase (Figure 1). The small (0.5 1 mm) parasite ...