To get the items that a buyer wants in an Internet auction, he must search for the items through several auction sites. When the bidding starts, the buyer needs to connect to these auction sites frequently so that he can monitor the bid states and re-bid. A reserve-price auction reduces the number of connections, but this limits the user’s bidding strategy. Another problem is equity between the...

Abstract To investigate delegation decisions within organizations, we develop a principal-agent model in which the principal can only informally delegate authority to agent and parties openly disagree with each other sense of differing prior beliefs about optimal course action. Our analysis shows that degree disagreement determines what kind policy commit this, turn, alters agent’s effort for i...

This case involves a 36 year old non-smoker who worked in a factory producing food flavourings for potato crisps. He developed exertional breathlessness associated with fixed airway obstruction shortly after an uncharacteristically high exposure to the food flavouring chemical diacetyl. Unfortunately, even though he was removed from further exposure to this agent, his symptoms and spirometry di...

Two things are striking about this medieval definition. The first is that it is very close to the modern conception of formal consequence one finds in Bolzano and Tarski3. The second is that although Buridan and the other fourteenth-century logicians state these distinctions with a great deal of precision, they say almost nothing about the point of the distinctions. Why are these distinctions d...

Derived varieties were invented by P. Cohn in [4]. Derived varieties of a given type were invented by the authors in [10]. In the paper we deal with the derived variety Vσ of a given variety, by a fixed hypersubstitution σ. We introduce the notion of the dimension of a variety as the cardinality κ of the set of all proper derived varieties of V included in V. We examine dimensions of some varie...

This paper develops a probabilistic reconstruction of the No Miracles Argument (NMA) in the debate between scientific realists and anti-realists. The goal of the paper is to clarify and to sharpen the NMA by means of a probabilistic formalization. In particular, I demonstrate that the persuasive force of the NMA depends on the particular disciplinary context where it is applied, and the stabili...