The quality of images obtained from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is important in diagnosis and treatment planning for dental and maxillofacial applications. However, X-ray scattering inside a human head is one of the main factors that cause a drop in image quality, especially in the CBCT system with a wide-angle cone-beam X-ray source and a large area detector. In this study, the X-ray ...

Scatter behavior of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was investigated. For comparison, those in rolled AM60B alloy and die-cast A365-T5 aluminum alloy were also studied. Scatter behavior of pore size was also investigated to discuss dominant factors for fatigue life scatter in die-cast materials. Three-parameter Weibull function was suitable to explain the scatter behavior of both fatigue l...

Introduction: The head scatter factor (Sc) is important to measurements radiation beam and beam modeling of treatment planning systems used for advanced radiation therapy techniques. This study aimed to investigate the design of a mini-phantom to measurement variations in collimator Sc in the presence of shielding blocks for shaping the beam using different field sizes. <str...

Output factor (Scp) is one of the important factors required to calculate monitor unit (MU), and is divided into two components: phantom scatter factor (Sp) and in-air output ratio (Sc). Generally, Sc for arbitrary fields are calculated using several methods based on Sc determined by the absorbed dose measurement for several square fields. However, there are calculation errors when the treatmen...

Background: During intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique, theoretically, presence of flattening filter (FF) across the beamline of clinical linear accelerator (linac) is not essential to obtain uniform lateral profiles due to intensity modulation of photon beams by multileaf collimators (MLCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetrical properties of 18 MV photon...

The additional intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and total body irradiation (TBI) to conventional treatment clinical treatment procedures can significantly increase the contribution of accelerator head leakage radiation. Previously recommended procedures by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) for vault design, specifically calculations of primary and ...