BACKGROUND The role of diet in the management of the headache patient is a controversial topic in the headache field. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence supporting the hypothesis that specific foods or ingredients within foods and beverages trigger attacks of headache and/or migraine and to discuss the use of elimination diets in the prevention of headache disorders METHODS: This represents pa...

Headache is one of the commonest medical complaints, and ranks high among the reasons why people consult neurologists and general practitioners. Most headache patients are, however, managed suboptimally; and indeed, many neurologists find outpatient headache management one of the least engaging parts of their job. Headache may present as part of a symptom complex or it may present alone. When i...

A set of related medical disorders that lack a proper classification system and diagnostic criteria is like a society without laws. The result is incoherence at best, chaos at worst. For this reason, the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is arguably the single most important breakthrough in headache medicine over the last 50 years. The ICHD identifies and categorizes mor...

Headache is one of the more common reasons for adults to visit an emergency department. Most of these visits are for primary headache disorders, most commonly migraine headache. The authors discuss management options for patients presenting to the emergency department with prolonged, severe, or refractory migraine headaches. Particular attention is given to parenteral treatments and protocols t...

Cervicogenic headache is a relatively common and still controversial form of headache arising from structures in the neck. Cervicogenic headache is a unilateral fixed headache characterised by pain that starts in the neck and spreads to the ipsilateral oculo-fronto-temporal area. The pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache probably depends on the effects of various local pain-producing or elic...

The International Classification of Headache Disorders lists several types of headaches [1]. Among primary headaches, migraine, tension-type headache and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias are included. However, the distinction between migraine and tension-type headache, especially in children, is not always easy and the same subject can sometimes or periodically experience migraine and tension-...

Headache during pregnancy is frequent and challenging. A secondary headache diagnosed in one third of women, most causes are vascular infectious disorders. Anamnestic clinical features must be investigated, brain imaging often required. Primary headaches commonly modified pregnancy. Migraine mainly improved this context, especially migraine without aura. Particular cautions about treatment appl...

Migraine and tension type headache are the most common disabling primary headache disorders. Epidemiological studies have documented their high prevalence and high socioeconomic and personal impacts. According to recent data, migraine ranks as the third most prevalent disorder and seventh-highest specific cause of disability worldwide. Tension-type headache has lifetime prevalence in the genera...

There is increasing interest in using neurostimulation to treat headache disorders. There are now several non-invasive and invasive stimulation devices available with some open-label series and small controlled trial studies that support their use. Non-invasive stimulation options include supraorbital stimulation (Cefaly), vagus nerve stimulation (gammaCore) and single-pulse transcranial magnet...

BACKGROUND Comprehensive diets do not require the exclusion of a specific provocative food or ingredient, but regulate the quantities of core components of foods such as vitamins, ions, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence supporting the use of comprehensive diets in the prevention of migraine and other headache disorders and to discuss the mechanisms through w...