Recent data obtained from Rana temporaria sartorius muscles during an isometric tetanus indicate that the time-course of phosphocreatine (PC) splitting cannot account for the total energy (heat + work) liberation (Gilbert et al. 1971. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 218:)63). As this conclusion is important to an understanding of the chemical energetics of contraction, similar experments were performed on ...

The maturation of eukaryotic secretory cargo initiates cotranslationally and cotranslocationally as the polypeptide chain emerges into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Here, we characterized the cotranslational maturation pathway for the human type I membrane glycoprotein tyrosinase. To recapitulate the cotranslational events, including glycosylation, signal sequence cleavage, chaperone binding...

Although repression against elites is a common occurrence in authoritarian regimes, we know little about which are targeted. This paper uses an original dataset on the prosecution of mayors large Russian cities to examine factors that make elites more likely be arrested. We argue electoral regimes like Russia, regime leaders reluctant arrest popular ocials. Such ocials command political ...

地盤凍結工法は，トンネル工事等における掘削防護のための地盤改良工法のひとつである。粘性土層では土留壁として必要な凍土厚みの造成が完了した後の余剰な凍土により凍結膨張が構造物へ与える影響が大きくなり，この影響を最小限にとどめることは凍結工法の重要な課題である。従来から凍上対策の一つにヒートフェンスで凍土面位置を熱制御する方法があり，経験的に凍上量抑制が行われている。本研究では，凍土厚制御のための，設計・施工管理で用いる凍結熱解析手法の適用方法を提案するとともに，その適用性を凍結工事の施工事例を用いて検証した。その結果，本提案手法が実用上有効であることが明らかになった上，本手法を用いることでヒートフェンス方式による凍土厚増加制御により凍上が抑制されていることを定量的に実証できた。

if an air flow is injected into a liquid fluid, many ambulant air bubbles are formed inside the fluid. air bubbles move inside the liquid fluid because of the buoyancy force, and the mobility of these air bubbles makes sizable commixture and turbulence inside the fluid. this mechanism was employed to enhance the heat transfer rate of a horizontal double pipe heat exchanger in this paper. howeve...

The RAD16 gene product has been shown to be essential for the repair of the silenced mating type loci [Bang et al. (1992) Nucleic Acids Res. 20, 3925-3931]. More recently we demonstrated that the RAD16 and RAD7 proteins are also required for repair of non-transcribed strands of active genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Waters et al. (1993) Mol. Gen. Genet. 239, 28-32]. We have studied the regul...