The energy crisis and increasing fossil fuel prices due to demands, controlled supplies, global political unrest have adversely affected agricultural productivity farm profitability across the globe Pakistan is not an exception. To cope with this issue of deficiency in agriculture, best alternate strategy take advantage biomass solid waste potential. In low-income countries such as Pakistan, gr...

In this paper we discuss the use of an implicit Newton-Krylov method to solve a set of partial diierential equations representing a physical model of a blast furnace stove. The blast furnace stove is an integral part of the iron making process in the steel industry. These stoves are used to heat air which is then used in the blast furnace to chemically reduce iron ore to iron metal. The simulat...

For the preparation of the coating the CNTs were dispersed in a 30 wt% solution of 3MBP-dca in deionised water by sonication. The resulting black slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration and the black residue in the filter was washed with 50 mL of ethanol to remove excess IL. The residue was subsequently placed in ceramic crucible and thermally treated in a furnace under constant argon flow to ...

Currently, total electricity consumption of furnaces is unregulated, tested at laboratory conditions using the DOE test procedure, and is reported in the GAMA directory as varying from 76 kWh/year to 1,953 kWh/year. Furnace blowers account for about 80% of the total furnace electricity consumption and are primarily used to distribute warm air throughout the home during furnace operation as well...

J. Boryca, T. Wyleciał, D. Urbaniak, Częstochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland In the process of heating steel the processes of chemical interaction occur between the furnace atmosphere and the surface of the steel being heated. Great importance, in aspect of course of the oxidizing process equal as well as for phenomenon of scale adhesion on the charge surface, condition of his...

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of an oval heated closed enclosure, when variable radiant panels were introduced. The experimental investigation showed that their effi ciency was depending on their position. An experimental investigation, as well as numerical simulation was carried out. Totally, 24 test runs were performed from which the maximal heating temperature ...

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas produced as a by-product of incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide poisoning accounts for approximately 3500 deaths in the United States annually. Carbon monoxide in exhaust fumes from motor vehicles accounts for most deaths due to carbon monoxide poisoning; however, poorly functioning heating systems, inhaled smoke, and propane-operated forklifts al...

The paper presents the results of the research performed by the authors on control systems and optimization for the operating process of the heating installations from the blast furnace at a steel plant. This system was developed on two relevant levels interconnected in a hierarchical control structure. The acquisition and control level using specialized microcontrollers was implemented. The su...