Although thermal pressure is unimportant dynamically in most molecular gas, the temperature is an important diagnostic of dynamical processes and physical conditions. This is the first of two papers on thermal equilibrium in molecular clouds. We present calculations of frictional heating by ion-neutral (or ambipolar) drift in three–dimensional simulations of turbulent, magnetized molecular clou...

We explore the response of the He ii 304 Å and He i 584 Å line intensities to electron beam heating in solar flares using radiative hydrodynamic simulations. Comparing different electron beams parameters, we found that the intensities of both He lines are very sensitive to the energy flux deposited in the chromosphere, or more specifically to the heating rate, with He ii 304 Å being more sensit...

The crystallization of undercooled Pd43Ni10Cu27P20 melts is studied under isothermal conditions and at constant heating and cooling rates. Investigations are carried out by fluxing the melt with B2O3 and without any fluxing material. The isothermal experiments allow us to determine the complete time–temperature-transformation diagram with a minimum crystallization time of about 200 s for the fl...

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Knowledge of bacteria's heat resistance is essential for developing effective thermal treatments. Choosing an appropriate test method is important to accurately determine bacteria's heat resistances. Although being a major factor to influence the thermo-tolerance of bacteria, the heating rate in samples cannot be controlled in water or oil bath methods due to main dependence on sample's thermal...

Gamma-oryzanol, a group of phytosterol ferulates found in rice bran, possesses antioxidative activity and other bioactivities. The kinetics of thermal degradation of gamma-oryzanol in stripped rice bran oil (SRBO) were investigated under heating at 132, 160, 192 and 222 degrees C for 480, 140, 60 and 50 h, respectively. Losses of the overall gamma-oryzanol and its components (cycloartenyl ferul...

In the present work, the in¯uence of the nucleation time-lag on the non-isothermal glass crystallization is discussed. Di€erential thermal analysis (DTA) results of an iron-rich glass nucleated by Cr 2 O 3 were obtained at di€erent heating rates. The activation energy of crystallization, E c , and the Avrami parameter, m, estimated by Kissinger's and Ozawa's equations were shown to be dependent...

this paper modeled heating air of a room through examining free convection in a 3d chamber. the chamber had cold and hot sources with tc and th temperatures, respectively. its other walls were adiabatic. this study aimed at predicting effect of temperature difference, displacement of hot and cold sources and their aspect ratio on flow field, temperature and heat transfer rate. to conduct the st...

The microwave drill [1] is used in this study for a localized heating of silicon plates, up to the melting point. The paper presents the experimental setup, including the heating device and the temperature measurement techniques. The experimental results show a higher rate of local temperature increase compared to other known methods. This heating method enables localized thermal processes, joi...

Therapeutic heating causes vasodilation in the heated tissue, thus increasing the rate of blood flow to increase the delivery of oxygen and nutrient and the removal of waste products. Therapeutic heating causes vasodilation by stimulating thermoreceptors that directly cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation and indirectly activate local spinal cord reflexes. In addition, therapeutic heating pro...