one of the major environmental problems in the world, especially in iran is deficiency of water resources. this with respect to the entrance of wastewater (especially industrial wastewaters due to their toxic effects) into the water bodies emphasizes the importance of wastewater treatment. heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and vanadium are part of oil and hence are of the major pollutants prod...

Nanotechnology has the potential to introduce revolutionary changes to several areas of oil and gas industry such as exploration, production, enhanced oil recovery, and refining. In this paper, the effect of different concentrations of Fe2O3 nanoparticles as a catalyst on the heavy oil viscosity at various temperatures is studied. Furthermore, the effect of a mixture of Fe2O3 nanoparticles and ...

Dispersion of spray droplets and the modulation of turbulence in the ambient gas by the dispersing droplets are two coupled phenomena that are closely linked to the evolution of global spray characteristics, such as the spreading rate of the spray and the spray cone angle. Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent gas flows laden with sub-Kolmogorov size particles, in the absence of gravi...

We measured the dispersion relation for acoustic longitudinal waves in liquid foams, over a broad frequency range (60-600 kHz). Strong dispersion was found, with two nondispersive behaviors, separated by a negative density regime. A new model, based on the coupled displacements of films, liquid channels, and gas in the foam, rationalizes all the experimental findings.

The structures of the phenol dimer and phenol trimer complexes in the gas phase have been determined using chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the 2-8 GHz band. All fourteen (13)C and (18)O phenol dimer isotopologues were assigned in natural abundance. A full heavy atom experimental substitution structure was determined, and a least-squares fit ground state r0 structure wa...

A transport equation that uses fractional-order dispersion derivatives has fundamental solutions that are Lévy’s a-stable densities. These densities represent plumes that spread proportional to time, have heavy tails, and incorporate any degree of skewness. The equation is parsimonious since the dispersion parameter is not a function of time or distance. The scaling behavior of plumes that unde...

We have investigated the atomisation of a thick liquid film by high speed co-flowing gas jet. The study is focused on the mechanisms controlling the drop spatial distribution downstream injection. These results are needed for properly initializing two-fluid euler-euler [1] or lagrangian [2] simulations. Measurements of the drop characteristics (concentration, velocity, size),available downstrea...

In a previous paper a method was developed to determine the shapes of dark matter halos of spiral galaxies from the flaring and velocity dispersion of the gas layer. Here I present the results for the almost edge-on Scd galaxy NGC 4244 and preliminary results for the Milky Way. NGC 4244’s dark matter halo is found to be highly flattened with a shortest-to-longest axis ratio of 0.2 −0.1 . If the...

Using monolayer graphene as a model system for a purely two-dimensional (2D) electron gas, we show by energy electron loss spectroscopy, highly resolved both in energy and momentum, that there is a significant probability for the excitation of not only one but two dispersing losses. The appearance of both losses is independent of the substrate (we tested graphene on the Si face of 6H-SiC(0001),...