Human plasma containing the Australia (hepatitis-associated) antigen was fractionated by the cold ethanol method of Cohn, Strong, Hughes, Mulford, Ashworth, Melin, and Taylor (1946) and small aliquots were examined for the presence of this antigen by immunodiffusion and by electron microscopy. The findings were in general agreement with the postulated risk of transmitting hepatitis by blood der...

A controlled trial with pre-exposure immune serum globulin was undertaken in Israel Defence Forces (IDF) recruits, an indigenous population living in a hyperendemic area for hepatitis A. The objective was to examine whether the prevailing IDF policy of postexposure administration of immune serum globulin prophylaxis should be modified to further reduce the incidence of infectious hepatitis in t...

I n resource-limited settings, there is a high risk of mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. The rate of MTCT without specifi c intervention and with an extended time of breast-feeding is about 35%– 40% [1], a fi gure that results in the infection of about 750,000 children every year worldwide [2]. A single dose of nevirapine can reduce the rate of MTCT by 42%, but it selects for drug-r...

Introduction: Hepatitis B and C are major health problems in many countries, especially developing areas. The frequency of hepatitis B is less than 0.8%, and chronic hepatitis C is less than 0.5% in the general population of Yazd in the center of Iran. Large vehicle drivers have some risk factors for acquiring hepatitis B and C infection. This is important because viral hepatitis complications,...

More than 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Mother-to-child transmission remains the most important mechanism of infection in countries with a high prevalence of HBV. Universal screening of all pregnant women, at-birth prophylaxis with specific anti-HBV immune globulin, as well as HBV vaccination for newborns of infected mothers are effective in...

The incidence of hepatitis A (HA), hepatitis B (HB), and non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) was 27%, 30% and 43% among 73 patients with sporadic hepatitis. Epidemiological data (geographical distribution, seasonal variation, age, sex, and occupation) were not distinguishing of the type of hepatitis. Neither intrafamilial infection nor previous contact with viral hepatitis patients could be demonstr...

(A) Hepatitis B virus, (HBV) is now the major cause of infectious virai hepatitis in U.S. military personnel and probably also in the eivifian population over 15 years of age. (B) T h e inci­ dence of icteric, viral hepatitis is much higher in U.S. military personnel than in comparable age groups in the civilian population. The 17to 20-year-old enlisted men show the highest rates. (C) In parts ...

During the past 30 years, the understanding of hepatitis viruses has greatly expanded. Knowledge of hepatitis has progressed from merely describing the various clinical syndromes to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of disease caused by these viruses and the development of chronic infection that eventually leads to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Expanded understanding also has...

(A) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is now the major cause of infectious viral hepatitis in U.S. military personnel and probably also in the civilian population over 15 years of age. (B) The incidence of icteric, viral hepatitis is much higher in U.S. military personnel than in comparable age groups in the civilian population. The 17-to 20-year-old enlisted men show the highest rates. (C) In parts of t...