Schwannomas are relatively common, benign tumors that are thought to arise from the nerve sheath cell. Schwannomas of the C1 root are extremely rare and seldom invade lateral masses because they gradually increase in size and can extend through the wide space behind the lateral mass instead of the intervertebral foramen. We present here an unusual case of a benign schwannoma that aggressively i...

Recent discovery of hair follicle keratin 75 (KRT75) in enamel raises questions about the function of this protein in enamel and the mechanisms of its secretion. It is also not clear how this protein with a very specific and narrow expression pattern, limited to the inner root sheath of the hair follicle, became associated with enamel. We propose a hypothesis that KRT75 was co-opted by amelobla...

Coordination between the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS) and apical papilla (AP) is crucial for proper tooth root development. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and Nfic are both involved in tooth root development; however, their relationship has yet to be elucidated. Here, we establish a timecourse of mouse molar root development by histological staining of sections, and we demonstra...

Intradural extramedullary nerve root metastasis is extremely unusual with only a handful of cases reported, and it presents most commonly in the thoracic and lumbosacral regions. We report the first case of metastasis to a ventral cervical nerve root in a patient with low-grade follicular thyroid carcinoma thought to be in remission for several years. Histopathology demonstrated malignant trans...

Salt-affected soil is one of the most important abiotic stresses, leading to reduce rice productivity in many regions of the world. The objective of this investigation was to determine the Na, soluble sugar and starch contents and expression of some starch-related genes in two genotypes, Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt sensitive), grown under 200 mM NaCl. Three-week-old rice seedlings cv...

BACKGROUND Nuclear factor I genes play an important role in the development of the brain, lung, and roots of teeth. We had reported that Nfic-deficient mice form normal crowns, but abnormal roots of molar teeth. However, the mechanism by which the disruption of Nfic gene causes abnormal root formation remains unknown. METHODS To understand this mechanism, the root formation in Nfic-deficient ...

Electromagnetic plasma waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) are routinely used in magnetic fusion experiments to heat plasmas and drive currents. However, many experiments have revealed that wave energy losses in the plasma edge and at the wall are significant, and detected that the acceleration of ions into the walls due to the formation of radio-frequency (RF) sheaths is one...

It is critical to understand how stem cell activity is regulated during regeneration. Hair follicles constitute an important model for organ regeneration because, throughout adult life, they undergo cyclical regeneration. Hair follicle stem cells-epithelial cells located in the follicle bulge-are activated by periodic β-catenin activity, which is regulated not only by epithelial-derived Wnt, bu...

UNLABELLED Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells are a unique population of epithelial cells in the periodontal ligament compartment. To date, their functional role has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis was that HERS cells may be involved in regulating differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and forming cementum in vivo. In this study, we found that HERS cell...

Mandibular second molar tooth germs from two-day old mice were cultured in vitro, on millipore membranes, for periods of up to 20 days in liquid medium with or without added ascorbic acid. Tooth germs grown in ascorbate medium were characterized by relatively normal growth, differentiation, morphology and histology. Cuspation patterns were maintained. The epithelial root sheath continued to gro...