Because an ecological community consists of diverse species that vary nonlinearly with environmental variability, its dynamics are complex and difficult to analyze. To investigate temporal variations of benthic macroinvertebrate community, we used the community data that were collected at the sampling site in Baenae Stream near Busan, Korea, which is a clean stream with minimum pollution, from ...

The present studies examined the association between self-concept structure and stability of self-esteem. In two daily diary studies, evaluative integration (organizing positively and negatively valenced self-beliefs into the same self-aspects) was associated with more stable self-esteem than evaluative compartmentalization (organizing positively and negatively valenced self-beliefs into separa...

A Bayesian kinesthetic-visual matching model allows a humanoid robot to perform mirror self-recognition without social understanding. The robot learns the relationship between its own motor activity and perceived motion by observing the movements of its arm for four minutes. Over this time, it builds a simple dynamic Bayesian model that relates these two events, and uses this self model to buil...

“Mimesis” theory focused in the cognitive science field and “mirror neurons” found in the biology field show that the behavior generation process is not independent of the behavior cognition process. The generation and cognition processes have a close relationship with each other. During the behavioral imitation period, a human being does not practice simple joint coordinate transformation, but...

Abstract How should we think of the preferences citizens? Whereas self-optimal policy is relatively straightforward to produce, socially optimal often requires a more detailed examination. In this paper, identify an issue that has received far too little attention in welfarist modelling public policy, which name “hidden assumptions” problem. Hidden assumptions can be deceptive because they are ...