complications and difficulties in modern nursing resulted in a need of continuing education and familiarity with new developments in biological and social sciences. this need is responded by participation in educational courses in organizations and high educational institutes. based on this trend and the observable and continually changes in nursing care methods providing a high level caring se...

The purpose of this study is to build the automatic process word recognition for pupils who are less proficient at and reading. This initially looked problems readers face what research has revealed. It then explores teachers can do in their practice, such as reading aloud, unlocking pronunciation models, using materials programmes or letter-sound association, mastering spelling, name but a few...

Motivation raising strategies are frequently used in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes; nevertheless, learners’ perceptions of such strategies used by language teachers have not sufficiently been explored. Also, there are not enough studies on differences and similarities between more and less proficient EFL learners regarding this issue. To scrutinize this topic, a groups of more (No...

Central to a new, or 'resolute', reading of Wittgenstein's Tractatus LogicoPhilosophicus is the idea that Wittgenstein held there an 'austere' view of nonsense: the view, that is, that nonsense is only ever a matter of our failure to give words a meaning, and so that there are no logically distinct kinds of nonsense. Resolute readers tend not only to ascribe such a view to Wittgenstein, but als...

Caption rate and text reduction are factors that appear to affect the comprehension of captions by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. These 2 factors are confounded in everyday captioning; rate (in words per minute) is slowed by text reduction. In this study, caption rate and text reduction were manipulated independently in 2 experiments to assess any differential effects and possible bene...

Article history: Received 29 July 2008 Available online 17 June 2009 Communicated by Peter Webb Dedicated to the memory of Karl Gruenberg