This paper introduces the first prototype for a computerised examination procedure of spoken foreign languages in Finland, intended for national scale upper secondary school final examinations. Speech technology and profiling of reviewers are used to minimise the otherwise massive reviewing effort.

Consumers often have to decide whether to acquire information in high-stakes decision domains. We study women in mammography waiting rooms to test how a “false-alarm” result (i.e., an indication that a malady is present when a “more accurate” follow-up test reveals it is not) affects willingness to get retested. In Study 1 we show that, given a falsealarm result, life-threatening test consequen...

Researchers disagree on the relationships between gender, spatial ability and math achievement. Varied results from studies using different measures and populations fuel the debate. The present study adds to the gender-spatial-math literature by examining this relationship in the context of high-stakes math testing. Results indicate no gender effect on spatial ability or math achievement, and a...

tions–treatments,” is there a misnomer? American Psychologist, 64, 275–276. Silverstein, L. B., & Auerbach, C. F. (2009). Using qualitative research to develop culturally competent evidence-based practice. American Psychologist, 64, 274–275. Tryon, W. W. (2009). Missing mechanism information. American Psychologist, 64, 273–274. Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford,...

High-stakes (dangerous, catastrophic) risks take on a wider profile as progress unfolds. What are the impacts of technological and social change on the risk landscape? Due to the complexities and dynamics involved, we can only answer these questions approximately. By using the concept of fuzziness, we can formalize our imprecision about high-stakes risk, and therefore place their management on ...

This paper reviews the state of the art of research on individual decision-making in high-stakes, low-probability settings. A central theme is that resolving high-stakes decisions optimally poses a formidable challenge not only to naı̈ve decision makers, but also to users of more sophisticated tools, such as decision analysis. Such decisions are difficult to make because precise information abou...