Proponents of the higher-order (HO) theory consciousness (e.g., Lau and Rosenthal) have recently appealed to brain lesion evidence support their thesis that mental states are conscious when only represented by other states. This article argues this fails HO theory, doing first determining what kinds deficit should result state-producing areas damaged, then arguing these do not occur in studies ...

Abstract We study U-DHOST theories, i.e., higher-order scalar-tensor theories which are degenerate only in the unitary gauge and yield an apparently unstable extra mode a generic coordinate system. show that satisfies three-dimensional elliptic differential equation on spacelike hypersurface, hence it does not propagate. clarify how to treat this “shadowy” at both linear nonlinear levels.