DWYER, C. M., and HANKEN, J . 1990. Limb skeletal variation in the Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus. Can. J. Zool. 68: 1281-1287. We examine limb skeletal variability in Plethodon neomexicanus, a geographically isolated species of plethodontid salamander endemic to the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico, U . S . A. Data are derived from a series of 25 specimens prepared as whole mo...

Amphibians provide a unique opportunity for identifying possible links between lateralized behaviors, locomotion, and phylogeny and for addressing the origin of lateralized behaviors of higher vertebrates. Five anuran species with different locomotive habits were tested for forelimb and hind limb preferences during 2 stereotyped behavior sequences--wiping a foreign object off their snout and ri...

The locomotor central pattern generator is a neural network in the spinal cord that can generate the basic motor pattern for locomotion in the absence of sensory feedback or rhythmic input from the brain. Most research in rodents has focused on hind limb movements: the hind limb CPG is located in lower thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord. This network generates both the locomotor rh...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of several wound factors on melanoma growth in a mouse model. DESIGN Cohort analytic study. SETTING Animal research facility of Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI. STUDY GROUP Seventeen groups of 5 C57BL/6 mice each. INTERVENTIONS A surgical wound was created in 1 hind limb, after which different concentrations of B16F10 melanoma cells were i...

Gossypin is a bioflavonoid isolated from Hibiscus Vitifolus Linn. The antinociception activity of gossypin has been studied in comparison with the standard antinociception agent, morphine, against the experimental model of tonic continuous pain produced by formalin. Formalin (0.1ml of 1% solution) was injected under the plantar surface of right hind paw of mice and the time an animal spent in l...

We reconstruct the proportions and possible motions of skeleton giant azhdarchid pterosaur Quetzalcoatlus. The neck had substantial dorsoventral mobility, head could swing left right through an arc ca. 180°. In flight, it is most plausible that hind limbs were drawn up bird-like, with knee anterior to acetabulum. this position, attachment wing membrane limb would have been useless. A straight-l...

This report describes a case of polydactyly in the hind-limb of a West African Dwarf goat kid in South West Africa. Physical examination revealed the presence of four digits in each of the hind limbs. Radiological examination and macerated bones of the animal showed a bifid shape of each metatarsal that was more prominent from the distal half of the diaphysis. This resulted in the presence of f...

The rat hind-limb vasculature releases substance P when subjected to a rapid increase in flow through the vascular bed. This release also occurs during high flow after rats have been capsaicinized, when loss of substance P-containing nerve fibers was verified by immunohistochemistry. Air treatment, a procedure shown by transmission electron microscopy to have removed endothelial cells from the ...

An English setter (case 1) and a Tibetan mastiff (case 2) presented with intermittent weight-bearing lameness on the right hind limb when trotting. The dogs had a history of femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHNO). Orthopedic examination revealed pain and crepitus on the right hip joint. The dogs underwent total hip replacement (THR). At the 2-year (case 1) and 1-year (case 2) follow-up, both do...

Peripheral arterial diseases, the major complication of diabetes, can result in lower limb amputation. Since endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in neovascularization, the aim of this study was to examine whether EPCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (WJ-EPCs) of the umbilical cord, a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells, could reduce ischemia-induced hind limb injury in diabetic mic...