it has been hypothesized that elevated plasma homocysteine (hcy) plays a role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (ad) and age-related cognitive decline. the mechanism of hcy neurotoxicity in the brain is controversial as well hcy is a ligand of nmda receptor. memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ...

coenzyme q10 is a promising   agent for neuroprotection in neurodegenerative   diseases. neuroprotective effects of coenzyme q10 demonstrated in some   neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinson, alzheimer and etc. hippocampus   is home of these diseases. we assayed coenzyme q10 effects on hippocampal   injury model and our hypothesis is that coenzyme q10 has neuroprotective   effects in some...

posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a disorder of emotional and mental stress occurring as an outcome of injury or severe emotional shock. several neuroimaging studies in humans have shown the functions and relationship between the anatomical changes of brain and ptsd. the three major areas of the brain are affected by ptsd .these three areas are the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cor...

introduction: n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors play a pivotal role in the development of tolerance and physical dependence to opiates. activation of nmda receptors involves the induction of long term potentiation (ltp) in hippocampus. our previous study suggested that chronic oral administration of morphine enhanced nmda dependent ltp in the ca1 area of hippocampal slices of rats. the pres...

Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children worldwide. Although synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) a possible gene hypothesized to be associated with working memory deficits in ADHD, little known about its specific impact on hippocampus. The goal current study was determin...

BACKGROUND Accessing the hippocampus for amygdalohippocampectomy and procedures such as depth electrode placement requires accurate knowledge regarding the location of the hippocampus. METHODS The authors removed 10 human cadaveric brains (20 sides) from their crania, noted relationships between the lateral temporal neocortex and underlying hippocampus, and measured the distance between the h...

Inflammation is the cause and/or result of many diseases in peripheral tissues and central nervous system. Recent findings suggested that inflammation tissue induces an inflammatory response brain activates glial cells, which, turn, induce neuronal cell dysfunction. Therefore, anti-inflammatory compounds are important for suppression chronic prevention disease. The present study revealed microg...

This research discussed a deep learning method based on an improved generative adversarial network to segment the hippocampus. Different convolutional configurations were proposed capture information obtained by segmentation network. In addition, Pixel2Pixel was proposed. The generator codec structure combining residual and attention mechanism detailed information. discriminator used neural dis...

Introduction: The lack of social communication is associated with the primary risk of proper brain functions. It is reported that crocin helps relieve this problem. The present study examined the protective effect of two doses of crocin on Long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area as a cellular mechanism in rats exposed to chronic social isolated stress. Methods: R...