2 Introduction 3 1. The Bank Lending Channel 4 1.1 Interest Rate and Credit Channels: a Brief Overview of Theoretical Concepts 4 1.2 Determinants of the Bank Lending Channel 6 2. A Short Description of Latvia's Banking Sector 7 2.1 Importance of the Banking Sector for Latvia's Financial System 7 2.2 Structure of Latvia's Banking Sector 8 3. Discovering Asymmetries in Bank Lending Behaviour 12 3...

Owing to a long-term, extensive development model and inadequate industrial planning, cases of atmospheric environment pollution frequently occur in Hebei province. By using such approaches as the Spatial Gini Coefficient, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index location entropy, this paper analyzes spatial-distribution characteristics pollution-intensive industries thermal power industry As shown, industri...

Purpose The relationship between real exchange rate and services export diversification is at the heart of this study. Design/methodology/approach analysis performed using a sample 113 countries over period 1985–2014, 2-step system Generalized Method Moments (GMM) approach. uses both Theil index Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration. Findings shows that full sample, effective appreciation induces ...

Purpose While existing research explores the impact of audit market competition on fees and quality, there is limited investigation into how in influences auditors' writing style. This study examines relationship between readability reports Iran, where particularly intense, especially among private firms. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprises 1,050 firm-year observations Iran from 20...

To evaluate changes to hop industry concentration and competitiveness the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) was used. The ownership of proprietary varieties, their acreage production were compared with public varieties. Market share for each variety calculated between 2000 2020. quantity land under centralized control in U.S. due increased 2020 quantified. Assuming tacit collusion participants o...

This paper estimates effects of e-cigarette taxes enacted in eight states and two large counties on prices, sales, sales other tobacco products. We use NielsenIQ Retail Scanner data from 2011 to 2017, comprising approximately 35,000 retailers nationally, develop a method standardize since adopting localities have taxed these products heterogeneous ways. estimate tax-to-price pass-through rate 1...