BACKGROUND The number of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV has increased rapidly. OBJECTIVE To estimate the reduction in new child HIV infections resulting from prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) over the past decade. To project the potential impact of implementing the new WHO PMTCT guidelines between 2010 and 2015 ...

INTRODUCTION Good data on the epidemiology of modes of transmission of HIV among population at risk are important for development of prevention strategies, and resource allocation for the implementation of the interventions. We sought to estimate new HIV infections among key risk groups in Togo. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of epidemiological data on HIV and AIDS as part of the HI...

BACKGROUND HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Southern Africa is extremely high. Epidemiological studies suggest that pregnancy increases the risk of HIV sexual acquisition and that HIV infections acquired during pregnancy carry higher risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We analyze the potential benefits from extending the availability of effective microbicide to pregnant women (in...

background: unsafe transfusion practices put patients at high risk of transfusion transmissible infections. we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (including human immunodeficiency virus [hiv] 1 and 2, hepatitis b virus [hbv], hepatitis c virus (hcv) and syphilis) during a period of 18 months among blood donors in the blood bank of lady hardinge medical coll...

The nervous system plays an important role in HIV infection. The purpose of this review is to discuss the indications for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in HIV infection in clinical practice. CSF analysis in HIV infection is indicated for the diagnosis of opportunistic infections and co-infections, diagnosis of meningitis caused by HIV, quantification of HIV viral load, and analysis of CNS ...

OBJECTIVES Building on a wealth of new empirical data, the objective of this study was to estimate the distribution of new HIV infections in Morocco by mode of exposure using the modes of transmission (MoT) mathematical model. METHODS The MoT model was implemented within a collaboration with the Morocco Ministry of Health and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. The model was param...

Background: In the last 10 years, co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus/human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HIV/HTLV-1) has emerged as a worldwide health problem. These viruses has the same route to infect human but different effects on CD4 positive T-cells. There was controversial results about the influence of co-infection HIV/HTLV-1 pathogenesis. This study compared clinical course and lab...

This paper reports a case of previously healthy patient who presented with generalised tonic-clonic seizure due to cerebral edema. Investigations revealed he had human Deficiency Virus (HIV) toxoplasmosis and was co-infected Hepatitis C. He immediately placed on treatment regime which, 4 weeks later, showed improvement in his clinical condition computed tomography (CT) brain imaging. then put a...

BACKGROUND Mumbai is one of the most populous and high HIV prevalence cities in India. It has witnessed substantial changes in HIV-risk behaviors and a decline in HIV prevalence among high-risk groups during the past decade. AIM To examine the changing pattern in the number of new HIV infections by transmission routes in Mumbai during 2000-2017. METHODS We used the Asian Epidemic Model by d...