INTRODUCTION For centuries, the microbial world has been the biggest threat to public health. Infectious diseases were the main causes of death world‐wide. Life expectancy was short and epidemics raged. The gradual improvements in standards of living, hygiene and the vaccines, the miracle cures, helped eliminate the diseases of filth. However then came the inexorable rise of non‐infectious dise...

Modulated feedback control introduces periodicity. The global attracting property of the periodic points is established for a simple scalar discrete-time system under ∆-modulated feedback. Attracting regions of the periodic points are also characterized. When the discretization effects of the equivalent control based sliding mode control systems are studied, we show that the zero-order-hold dis...

The influence of impellers system, baffles system and type liquid on gas hold-up in a vessel has been presented this paper. analysis was conducted the basis data obtained vessel. used study inner diameter D = 0.288 m, it filled with up to height H 0.576 m. equipped four planar standard or 24 vertical tubular located circuit. A high-speed consisting two shaft, agitate liquid. six gas–liquid syst...

The hold-up problem is considered a fundamental determinant of contractual and organizational structure. We study a model in which players first make relation-specific investments and then bargain over the price to exchange a good. We present a new form of misallocation of resources that may arise if one of the sides has private information in the bargaining phase. In general, the outcome of ba...

Conventional airlift contactor (UT-ALC) was modified to improve its performance. The modified system (CDT-ALC) was tested for gas hold-up characteristics. Hydrodynamic environment depends on gas hold-up. New system reported 50 % higher gas hold-up. Linear relation between superficial gas velocity and fractional gas hold-up were developed from experimental data for both the reactors.