I N T R O D U C T I O N Although batch distillation generally is less energy efficient than continuous distillation, it has leceived increased attention in the last few years because of its simplicity of operation, flexibility and lower capital cost. For many years academic research on batch distillation was focused primarily on optimizing the reflux policy. However, in most cases the differenc...

Decentralized Capacity Management and Internal Pricing This paper studies the acquisition and subsequent utilization of production capacity in a multi-divisional firm. In a setting where an upstream division provides capacity for itself and a downstream division, our analysis explores whether the divisions should be structured as investmentor profit centers The choice of responsibility centers ...

A 360° twisted helical capacitance sensor was developed for holdup measurement in horizontal two-phase stratified flow. Instead of suppressing nonlinear response, the sensor was optimized in such a way that a 'sine-like' function was displayed on top of the linear function. This concept of design had been implemented and verified in both software and hardware. A good agreement was achieved betw...

Purpose – Taking into consideration external (technology acceptance factors, website service quality) as well as internal (specific holdup cost) factors, this paper aims to explore how internet customer satisfaction and loyalty can be associated with each other and how they are affected by these dynamics. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts structural equation modelling (SEM) as the...

To solve the problem that traditional single-probe instruments cannot accurately measure gas and water holdup, domestic design of array holdup measuring instrument Array Optical Resistance Tool (AORT), composed five sets optical fiber probes resistance probes, is carried out in both gas–water oil–water. Simulated measurement experiments were conducted under different cut phase flow. Through ana...

A gas-liquid-solid inverse  uidization airlift bioreactor was proposed by combining advantages of external-loop airlift reactors and inverse  uidized beds. This airlift bioreactor comprises a gas-liquid riser, a gas separator, a liquid-solid inverse  uidized downcomer and a bottom connector. The effects of the gas velocity and the particle loading on the gas holdup in the riser and the liqui...