Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the promise to improve energy efficiency and to provide society with a clean energy producing technology. The high temperature of operation (500-1000 C) enables the solid oxide fuel cell to operate with existing fossil fuels and to be efficiently coupled with turbines to give very high efficiency conversion of fuels to electricity. Solid oxide fuel cells are ...

BACKGROUND Almost half of global child deaths due to acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where three-quarters of the population cook with solid fuels. This study aims to quantify the impact of fuel type and cooking practices on childhood ALRI mortality in Africa, and to explore implications for public health interventions. METHODS Early-release World Health...

Household energy in sub-Saharan Africa is largely derived from woodfuels burned in simple stoves with poor combustion characteristics. These devices emit products of incomplete combustion [PICs] that both damage human health and negatively impact the atmospheric radiation budget. We use empirical studies and published emission factors to estimate the pollution associated with production, distri...

The electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to liquid fuels has tremendous positive impacts on atomospheric carbon balance and help to reduce global warming issues. This paper reviewed current knowledge of electrochemical CO2 reduction to small organic molecule fuels on metal catalysts and gas-phase CO2 reduction techniques based on gas diffusion electrode and solid polymer electroly...

Fluctuations in availability and recent increases in price of petroleum have had profound effects on the national economy. As synthetic fuels, in particular, hydrogen, become increasingly attractive, nuclear energy has a role in developing such fuels. It is postulated that the nuclear radiation of the fission process itself can be utilized directly in fluid fueled devices or radiation and heat ...

UNLABELLED The World Health Organization's 2004 Global and Regional Burden of Disease Report estimates that acute respiratory infections from indoor air pollution (pollution from burning wood, animal dung, and other bio-fuels) kill a million children annually in developing countries, inflicting a particularly heavy toll on poor families in South Asia and Africa. This paper reports on an experim...