The activity of dopamine (DA)-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a key mechanism in mesolimbic reward processing that has modulatory effects on different diencephalic structures like hippocampus (HIP), and receives inhibitory feedback and excitatory feed forward control. In addition, within the hippocampus, DA receptors are mostly located in the dorsal part (CA1) and dopa...

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the bloodstream is largely contained in platelets and circulates throughout the entire vascular system. 5-HT released from activated platelets dramatically changes the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). In VSMCs, 5-HT induces proliferation and migration via 5-HT2A receptors. These effects are further enhanced by vasoactive...

background and aims: diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure which could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and morbidity and mortality in patients. the aim of this study was to investigate new modalities for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. methods:this study was a mini-review research to investigate drugs that are used for dn treatment. results...

Ionic currents induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in cultured neuroblastoma N18 cells were studied using whole-cell voltage clamp. The response was blocked by 1-10 nM 5-HT3 receptor-specific antagonists MDL 7222 or ICS 205-930, but not by 1 microM 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonist spiperone or 5-HT2 receptor-specific antagonist ketanserin. These 5-HT3 receptors seem to be ligand-gated channels...

Objective: To explore psychiatrists’ opinions on the effectiveness and side-effects of current pharmacological antidepressant treatments in Australia. Method: A postal survey was sent to all consultant psychiatrists in Australia. Results: A total of 412 psychiatrists replied. The mean remission rate for depression reported by the sample was 54%. Following a partial but inadequate response to an...

Several novel N-arylpiperazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for their 1) affinity and functional activity on 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors in vitro; 2) activity in models predictive of antagonism at somatodendritic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors; and 3) effects on the micturition reflex in anesthetized and conscious rats. These studies also included 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-...

The lateral superior olive (LSO) is a primary site of binaural convergence that responds selectively to changes in interaural level difference (ILD) by integrating ipsilateral excitatory and contralateral inhibitory inputs. The circuit matures during the first three postnatal weeks, undergoing several structural and functional changes that are influenced by afferent activity. Therefore modulati...

1. It has previously been shown that the antimigraine drug sumatriptan constricts porcine carotid arteriovenous anastomoses via 5-HT1-like receptors, identical to 5-H1B/1D receptors. The recent availability of silent antagonists selective for the 5-HT1B (SB224289) and 5-HT1D (BRL15572) receptor led us to further analyse the nature of receptors involved. 2. In pentobarbitone-anaesthetized, bilat...

four amidine nr2b-selective nmda receptor antagonists, n-( 2-methoxy benzyl) -3-phenyl-acrylamidine, n-[diduterio(2-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-3-phenyl-acrylamidine, n-benzyl-3-phenyl-acryl amidine and n-[diduterio(phenyl)methyl]-3-phenyl-acrylamidine, all fourlabeled with carbon-14 in the 1-position, have been synthesized as part of 5-step sequence fromba14co3.